EQ3 developed countries + forest cover. Indonesian deforestation Flashcards
What trend is observed in some developed countries regarding forest cover?
Forest expansion is seen in some high-income countries (HICs), such as European countries
-This suggests that forest trends can reverse with economic development.
Where are the highest rates of forest loss observed?
Developing nations
-This indicates a disparity in forest management and conservation efforts between developed and developing countries.
What significant change occurred in Brazil’s deforestation rate between 2000 and 2015?
Brazil halved its rate of deforestation
-However, this rate has started to increase again after 2015.
How many Indonesians depend on ecosystem services for their livelihoods?
99 million Indonesians
-They account for 21% of Indonesia’s GDP.
What percentage of Indonesia’s rural poor GDP is accounted for by ecosystem services?
75%
This highlights the critical importance of ecosystem services to the livelihoods of rural communities.
How long have indigenous people been sustained by Indonesian forests?
For many centuries
They are now facing destruction of these forests in less than a generation.
What is the most commonly produced vegetable oil in the world?
Palm oil
It is widely used in food and cosmetics.
How much palm oil is produced annually?
66 million tonnes
Indonesia is the world’s biggest producer of palm oil.
What significant environmental impact did Indonesia have in 2015?
Temporarily overtook the USA for greenhouse gas emissions due to forest burning
This emphasizes the environmental consequences of deforestation.
Who primarily owns the vast majority of palm oil plantations in Indonesia?
Large transnational corporations (TNCs)
-This often leads to conflicts with local communities.
What happened to local communities, including indigenous populations, due to palm oil production?
They are often forced to leave
This displacement contributes to social tensions and loss of cultural heritage.
How many armed conflicts occurred in Indonesia in 2016 due to land rights issues?
700 armed conflicts
This highlights the intense struggle over land rights in the context of palm oil production.
What is one of the devastating impacts of deforestation on wildlife?
It prevents many ecosystem services that the forest would otherwise perform
This includes impacts on tourism and biodiversity.
