EQ3

Question 1

What are the economic measures and how do they work

Answer 1

Gross Domestic Product (GDP):
final value of outputs of goods and services inside a nations borders. Per capita the value is divided by the population to show a mean average value of income. this includes foreign own corporations within the body
Economic sector balance: Shows the proportion of the countries GDP across the 4 sectors, primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary

Question 2

What are the social measures and how do they work

Answer 2

Human Development Index (HDI):
Composite of 3 soceo-economic indicators including GDP/PPP, Life expectancy, literacy rate
Gender inequality index:
composite index which measures -reproductive health -empowerment -labour force participation
does not include unpaid female work
Environmental quality:
takes into account pollution found outdoors and inside people’s homes

Question 3

define extremism

Answer 3

holding an extreme view, often political or religious

Question 4

define populist extremism

Answer 4

political ideology which rejects political consensus, considered populism as it appeal to the “common man” as opposed to elites
currently right wing populism is most present, many are known for their opposition to immigration

Question 5

how have views on immigration changed over the last years

Answer 5

• % complaints to MP’s in UK about immigration, 1992: 8%, 2004: 60%
• Large overestimates in % foreign born populations in USA, many estimated 43% whilst reality is 13%
• 13% of UK residents are foreign born, 45% of London is white British
• 78% worried about terrorist attacks, 21% not worried

Question 6

How has globalisation created thriving migrant diasporas

Answer 6

• Freedom of movement (EU)
• Schengen agreement, passport free travel
• Deregulation of financial markets
• Migrants create new businesses, new restaurants and integrate with culture

Question 7

How has migration created tension and conflict

Answer 7

(predominantly in NE+NW England excluding big cities such as Manchester and Leeds)

• Often in areas which have faced de-industrialisation, sometimes as a result of globalisation where companies out source and offshore for cheaper labour
• many people use migrants and foreign born populations as a scape goat for their problems

Question 8

Have governments lost control of flows of people

Answer 8

No Control:
-despite the UK government imposing restrictions on migration, due to EU laws of free movement, those could not be limited
-over a million migrants from poorer eastern European countries moved to the UK, unlike previous migrations, many more of these migrants have settled in towns and rural areas
Control:
-Many debates have taken place about migration and actions have come as a result, some more radical include trumps wall but few have been realised
-UK received 500k + migrants after ww2 from the Caribbean due to rebuilding work and no visa limitations
-1.8 million Indians and Pakistanis immigrated due to textile industry labour shortages
-conflict in former colonies led to refugee influx from Uganda and Vietnam

Question 9

Have governments lost control of the flow of information

Answer 9

Control: (China)
-Single party communist state, this creates a challenge to maintain given globalisation
-Free flow of information and ideas is seen as a threat, they do not want an event like the Arab springs where ideas of liberty and less state control were spread
-China enforces a strict policy of censorship of internet content as well as all published material in order to retain control
It has 2 methods of censorship:
–state-controlled, where print publishing or broadcasting via TV or radio is run by official state media
–state-monitored, where overseas contacts or media are monitored and censored, including TV, print, radio, film theatre, text messaging, video games and literature and the internet

Question 10

Have governments lost control of the flows of goods

Answer 10

Control:

• Free market is a challenge for national governments
• cheap Chinese steel was being “dumped” onto financial markets at prices heavily subsidised by the Chinese government in order to protect its manufacturing
• Consequences were huge for UK - Indian owners of tata steel put all of its uk plants up for sale and threatened to close them if no deal was arranged
• A solution would have been to raise tariffs on imported steel to protect domestic producers (As the USA) but this was forbidden by the WTO