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Geography - Regeneration > EQ3 > Flashcards

EQ3 Flashcards

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1
Q

What and where is farm diversification (Agriculture-based)?

A

Branching out from making original farm products such as milk and eggs, and finding new ways to make revenue through specialised product or experiences. e.g., Spring Farm in Sussex breeds alpacas which can be bought as pets or taken on walks by visitors.

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2
Q

What and where is farm diversification (non-agriculture based)?

A

Branching out from selling farm produce and using the land to form experiences nothing to do with farming. E.g., Tulley’s Farm In West Sussex, doing ‘Shocktober Fest’ which attracts 5000 visitors a night.

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3
Q

What and where it heritage rebranding?

A

Using the cultural heritage of a place (art, literature, etc.) To attract visitors. Fowey in Cornwall offers walking tours of the places Daphne Du Maurier wrote in. it also holds an annual literary festival.

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4
Q

What and where is destination tourism?

A

Using a big, single attraction to attract visitors, and provide other activities after arrival. E.g., The Eden Project is an attraction in Cornwall consisting of two giant ‘biomes’. This attracted 13 million visitors in its first year.

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5
Q

Outdoor pursuits

A

Adventure tourism destinations allow for attraction of rural tourists to an area they may not have considered before due to the activities they provide. E.g., Watergate Bay in Newquay, Cornwall offers activities like rock-climbing, surfing, and water skiing.

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6
Q

Countryside Stewardship schemes

A

UK farmers can apply to the government to receive money to start schemes to protect wildlife and the local environment. Farms on the Norfolk Estate in West Sussex are implementing schemes to protect the grey partridge. This is attracting more tourists to the area.

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7
Q

Enterprise Zones

A

These are initiatives focused in small areas which aims to attract investments for companies and businesses. E.g., the Aero hub in Newquay, Cornwall. this has been used to attract business.

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8
Q

What are the strategies of urban regeneration?

A

Infrastructure-led regeneration
Tourism-led
retail led
marketing heritage
sports-led
art and culture -led
themed events

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9
Q

What are the key strategies of rural regeneration?

A
  • Farm diversification (Non-agricultural)
  • Farm diversification (Agricultural)
  • Countryside Stewardship schemes
  • Enterprise zones
  • outdoor pursuits
  • destination tourism
  • heritage rebranding
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10
Q

What are the needs of house building?

A
  • People need more housing due to more divorce and increasing population.
  • Horsham now has a target for house building of 1000 homes a year.
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11
Q

What are the affects of airport expansion?

A
  • Heathrow nearly had an expansion which would’ve cost £18 billion. This was overturned due to climate concerns from activist groups, and UK government policy stating that the UK is aiming to reach NET Zero by 2030.
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12
Q

What are the affects of fracking?

A
  • Local opposition due to NIMBYism, and concerns over water wastage, and the impacts on the local landscape.
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13
Q

What was the labour approach to regeneration in 1997 - 2010?

A
  • focus on regeneration specific community areas and deprived neighbourhoods.
  • focus on community engagement
  • ‘pathfinder programme’ which focused on demolishing and rebuilding social housing (It was controversial)
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14
Q

What was the Coalition government’s approach to regeneration in 2000 - 2010?

A

Austerity policy with less funding for regeneration projects unless they could prove they provided economic gain.

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15
Q

What was the conservative approach to regeneration in 2015 - present?

A

City Deals promotes growth in areas of favour, not necessarily in areas of deprivaton.
- New, ‘Levelling Up’ policy started to reduce the disparity in growth between areas.

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16
Q

What are the pros of funding HS2?

A

Fast transport sustains a competitive economy.
Freeing up space for local railway connections.
Created 50,000 direct jobs.
Encourages regeneration in Northern cities, which creates more jobs.

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17
Q

What are the cons for funding HS2?

A

Expensive rail travel means only the rich benefit.
environmental damage of building and running high-speed railway lines.
Economic benefits are overstated.

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18
Q

How does the SWF impact regeneration?

A

The Sovereign Wealth Fund impacts regeneration through the global investments of state-owned investment funds into regeneration projects. An example of this would be the Qatari government owning The Shard.

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19
Q

What are the impacts of deregulation?

A
  • 2008 Financial Crisis
  • government did not have enough responsibility of power to restore order to the economy.
  • job losses that occurred in the 1980’s.
  • stabilised and boosted the economy from the economic mess the country was in after the aftermath of the war.
20
Q

Who were the real losers in the 2008 financial crisis?

A

People lost homes, jobs, and suffered with terrible debt because of the financial crisis. The real losers were the younger generation, who had to function in a crashing economy with no money.
Unemployment rose to 8.4%, which was the highest it had been since the 1990’s.

21
Q

Who were the real losers in the 2008 financial crisis?

A

People lost homes, jobs, and suffered with terrible debt because of the financial crisis. The real losers were the younger generation, who had to function in a crashing economy with no money.
Unemployment rose to 8.4%, which was the highest it had been since the 1990’s.

22
Q

How has migration policy affected regeneration?

A
  • More housing requirements due to larger population under more relaxed policy.
  • Less community engagement from different places due to English not being a first language, or the attitude that someone does not have a cultural identity within the UK.
23
Q

What have been the impacts of Brexit so far?

A

70% of normal ships are crossing the Channel. Many of them are empty as the sellers do not wish to deal with the bureaucracy.
Extra VAT is being put on shopping purchases made in the EU.
Many fruit and veg goods are rotting in their containers due to shipping denial over to the UK from Calais.

24
Q

What is a Local Enterprise Zone?

A

They are areas in Britain which have tax breaks applied in order to attract businesses. They also provide other benefits such as a guarantee on infrastructure permission for business endeavours. Or, a 100% business rate discount for 5 years.

25
Q

What are the benefits of a Local Enterprise Zone?

A

They boost the local economy by increasing the amount of jobs in the area, and attracting business.
They attract more FDI into Britain.

26
Q

What is an example of a successful Enterprise Zone attracting investment?

A

The Cambridge Science Park:
It employs 7,000 people
It holds 140 companies
30% of its companies are foreign-owned.

27
Q

What is an example of a less successful Enterprise Zone?

A

Newquay Aerohub:
Only 450 jobs had been created, and few of these were ‘new’ jobs.E.g., the Air Ambulence was originally based in the Cornwall Royal Hospital. They simply transferred base, and didn’t really ‘create’ any new jobs at all.

28
Q

What is an example of a local regeneration initiative?

A

The Big Nibble:
A food festival which takes place every September in Horsham, and aims to attract more community investment by the people living there.

29
Q

Who are ‘Friends of Horsham Park’?

A

They are a volunteer group which aim to enhance and maintain the beauty of Horsham Park. They do this through installing bird boxes, planting the memorial tree, and helping to coordinate local events.
- Recently finished renovating the skate park.

30
Q

Who are ‘4 The Youth’ in Horsham?

A

A charity set up to run events and outreach programmes for the youth of Horsham. They run events such as ice skating, shooting, and cafes. They are now an independent charity, due to government budget cuts, and have been making a large impact within the community.

31
Q

Who are ‘No Incinerator 4 Horsham’?

A

This is a local group of protestors who dislike the proposal of the Horsham incinerator.

32
Q

Why did Cornwall need regeneration?

A

Because it was part of the ‘Post-production countryside’. (An area of countryside that no longer makes all of its money from industry.

33
Q

What contributed to Cornwall’s decline?

A

Brain drain
Low accessibility to services
ageing population.

34
Q

How did Cornwall rebrand through farm diversification?

A

Farms such as the Boskensoe family farm near Falmouth has converted its barns into 3 luxury holiday homes. This is due to the growing demand for tourist locations and residents within the area, and the need for the farm to diversify.

35
Q

How did Cornwall regenerate through culture?

A

Tate constructed a new wing of their gallery in St. Ives Cornwall in 1991. It received 280,000 visitors in 2019.

36
Q

How did Cornwall rebrand through outdoor pursuits?

A

Extreme water sports facilities such as that in Watergate Bay Hotel in Newquay, has led to the regeneration and rebranding of the area, due to the creation of 60 jobs.

37
Q

How did Cornwall rebrand through food?

A

Jamie’s Fifteen Restaurant, which is located in Newquay employs people from disadvantaged backgrounds to aid them in finding future employment through harbouring skills.

38
Q

How can Fowey, Cornwall define its brand?

A

It is the land where Daphne Du Maurier lives and wrote many of her works such as ‘Rebecca’. This means the area can utilise this for tourism.

39
Q

How can the Pennine Hills brand themselves?

A

They can brand themselves as ‘Bronte Country’ due to the Bronte sisters writing works such as ‘Wolf Hall’ in these areas.

40
Q

How can the Lake district literarily brand itself?

A

William Wordsworth who wrote ‘The Prelude,’ is from there, and they have an app which helps find literary landmarks.

41
Q

How can Suffolk rebrand itself?

A

It can be known as ‘Constable Country’ because of the painter. He painted ‘The Hay Wain,’ and therefore visitors can be encouraged to visit these premises.

42
Q

Where are the urban rebranding schemes?

A
  • Hartlepool
  • Salford Quays
  • Canary Wharf
  • The Olympic park
43
Q

How has the Olympic Park been rebranded?

A

It regenerated Stratford in 2012 as a place of leisure and sport with the construction of the Swimming pool being open to the public in 2014.

44
Q

How has Hartlepool been rebranded?

A

£200 million was poured into the rebranding of Hartlepool due to the building of its marina under the labour government in 1997.

44
Q

How has Hartlepool been rebranded?

A

£200 million was poured into the rebranding of Hartlepool due to the building of its marina under the labour government in 1997.

45
Q

How was Canary Wharf rebranded?

A
  • Germans targeted docklands in WW11, which meant that Canary Wharf became degraded.
  • By the 1980’s all of the docks were closed.
  • An Enterprise zone was created due to the advertisement of a new retail park.
    Now, the Wharf employs 120,000 people.

Geography - Regeneration (6 decks)

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