EQ2: The global impacts of superpowers Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the role of the World Bank in free trade and capitalism?

A

Makes development loans to developing countries, but within a ‘free-market’ model that promotes exports, trade, industrialisation and private businesses, which benefits large, developed-world TNCs.

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2
Q

What is the role of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in free trade and capitalism?

A

Promotes global economic security and stability, and assists countries to reform their economies.

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3
Q

What is the role of the World Economic Forum (WEF) in free trade and capitalism?

A

A Swiss non-profit organisation that promotes globalisation and free trade via its annual meeting at Davos.

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4
Q

What is the role of the World Trade Organisation (WTO) in free trade and capitalism?

A

IGO established in 1995 that regulates global trade.

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5
Q

What is the difference between publicly traded TNCs and state-owned TNCs?

A
  • Publicly traded TNCs - shareholders

- State-owned TNCs - government

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6
Q

Why are TNCs dominant in the global economy?

A
  • Their economies of scale
  • Their bank balances
  • Their ability to open up new markets and to expand.
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7
Q

What do the characteristics of ‘Westernisation’ include?

A
  • A culture of consumerism
  • A culture of capitalism and the importance attached to attaining wealth
  • A white, Anglo-Saxon culture with English as the dominant language
  • A culture that selects parts of other world cultures and absorbs them.
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8
Q

How does the UN Security Council strive to maintain international law?

A
  • Applying sanctions to countries that are deemed to be a security risk
  • Authorising the use of military force against a country
  • Authorising a UN peacekeeping force
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9
Q

How has the USA intervened militarily in foreign countries over the past 40 years?

A
  • As part of a UN Security Council action
  • Together with allied countries as a coalition, but outside a UN remit
  • Unilaterally
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10
Q

What does unilaterally mean?

A

No support from another country

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11
Q

How is interdependence between nations further strengthened?

A

By economic alliances

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12
Q

When was the system that is in place to help maintain global security set up?

A

1945

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13
Q

Why is global security under strain?

A

Its leaders - the USA, the UK and France - are not as economically or militarily as powerful as they were.

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14
Q

What does maintaining a large economy, a military machine with a global reach and a wealthy population require?

A

Energy, mineral, land and water resources

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15
Q

Why is urban air quality low in emerging power cities?

A

Heavy reliance on fossil fuels

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16
Q

Why might emerging countries be less willing to reduce carbon emissions and sign global agreements on environmental issues?

A

Developed countries are in a better position to turn to renewable sources of energy. The emerging countries are heavily dependent on fossil fuels and are less willing to sign international agreements.