EQ2 EQ3 (4.3, 4.4 4.5)

Question 1

What is longshore drift ?

Answer 1

It when the sediment from the beach is move in a series of swash and backwash due to the prevailing wind meaning the sediment comes in ata an angle and leaves at a right angle this moves sediment across the whole bay .

Question 2

Whats the difference between hard and soft rock ?

Answer 2

soft rock, such as sand and clay, erode more quickly than those of more resistant rock, such as chalk. This leaves a section of land jutting out into the sea called a headland.

Question 3

What is a spit ?

Answer 3

A spit is a natural made piece of land that consists of deposition from longshore drift it has a curve due to winds and strong currents . Then can also grow vegetation and plants and marshes after the currents have settled

Question 4

What is a arch stack stump ?

Answer 4

Its a headland that is eroded by the sea resulting in it breaking into 3 things an arch a stack and a stump . The arch is usually a large piece of rock with an arch at the bottom

Question 5

What is the difference between concordant and discordant

Answer 5

Its the difference between soft clay and chalk being eroded faster hence creating headlands and bays

Question 6

How do uk storks and waves and their weathers effect our coasts and what effects do they have?

Answer 6

They erode our bays but create wave cut plat forms and stacks and stumps these benefit our economy as they are big tourist attractions . They also create bays but people who live on those cliffs will eventually lose out on their homes …..

Question 7

What are prevailing winds ?

Answer 7

These are winds that push waves so that they come in at angles to the beach this hence starts longshore drift which shifts sediment up and down the beach .

Question 8

What are bars ?

Answer 8

Bars are spits that have connected one side pf land to another . They generally have sand and land on them . They are produced through a spit which has no disturbing waves preventing from it building across hence eventually sealing the spit off from one side of land to the other .

Question 9

Whta is a concordant coastline

Answer 9

A concordant coastline is a coastline that is perpendicular to the prevailing waves meaning it doesn’t get as weathered

Question 10

What is a discordant coastline

Answer 10

A discordant coastline is a coastline that is parallel to the prevailing waves this mean that the soft rock of clay and sand will erode faster than the hard rock of chalk . This created bays and headlands this is evident in swanage .

Question 11

What is biological weathering

Answer 11

Biological weathering is when trees or a seed gets into a crack and starts growing . This will eventually create a tree . Thos tree will apply pressure to the rock meaning it will only become larger and larger as the crack grows larger as well .

Question 12

What are the characteristics of a headland and bay

Answer 12

A bay is part of coastline that is curved in and retreated from the headland this means that it looks like the headland is poking out . The bays usually consist of rocks / pebbles , sand or sediment . The headlands are made of hard rock such as chalk

Question 13

3 factors of wave energy

Answer 13

. Wind strength
.Wind duration
.depth of water

Question 14

Where are the biggest waves in england .

Answer 14

The biggest wave in england are in Cornwall this is due to the fact that the bay of Cornwall has a whole ocean facing it however the whole east side of the country is shielded by west Europe so the closest we get to Europe is France near dover .

Question 15

What is freeze thaw weathering

Answer 15

Freeze thaw weathering is weathering and erosion technique that happens over night . This is when water seeps into cracks and a certain cold night will freeze the water and when water freezes it expands . And when morning comes the water will expand and put pressure on the rock .

Question 16

What is abrasion

Answer 16

When bits of the pebbles and rocks get thrown out of the sea and under the waves hit and erode the cliff almost sanding it down .

Question 17

What is hydraulic action

Answer 17

.when air may get trapped in cracks of the Cliff face waves will get inside and make the air compressed this will put strain on the cracks and then eventually erode

Question 18

What is attrition

Answer 18

.when bits of rock hit against each other and then smoothen each other out and become smooth pebbles .

Question 19

What is solution weathering

Answer 19

Acids in the contained sea water will slowly erode some types of rock like chalk or limestone .

Question 20

What is suspension

Answer 20

.suspension is when rocks and sediment under the waves are moved and shifted by being suspended in the sea water

Question 21

What is a bar

Answer 21

A bar is a spit along a coastline where a spit makes it from one landform t the other . This creates a bar like feature to the brach and longshore drift means that pebbles and san will be on this bar and eventually maybe have some planta and marshes

Question 22

What is traction

Answer 22

Traction is a form of moving rocks across the sea bed floor using the sea wave power .

Question 23

What is saltation

Answer 23

A hopping or bouncing move t do e by the power of the waves . This is used to transport small pebbles

Question 24

What are destructive waves

Answer 24

Destructive waves destroy the coastline as they have a higher backwash then swash . This means they erode and take away sediment from the beach.

Question 25

How does coastal management help the coast

Answer 25

It stops and slows down erosion to a slower rate so that we can preserve our coast.

Question 26

How does the industry affect the coastline .

Answer 26

It effects the coastline by things such as coastline because they don’t want things like a bar so they can still use the dock . And shops and other things are well needed and a large source of income .

Question 27

How is swanage affected by geology ?

Answer 27

Because swanage has a concordant and discordant coastline meaning it creates headlands and bays . Due to the soft rock eroding and leaving headlands

Question 28

How is swanage affected by human activity ?

Answer 28

We build thing son the land near the bay meaning more people want to use the shops ect. This will mean they don’t want the spit to join together .

Question 29

Why is sea level rising?

Answer 29

Because , climate change is making sea levels rise due to the ice caps melting and the more heated water gets , the more it expands .

Question 30

How bad will sea level get and how will it affect different places around the world (give examples)?

Answer 30

Places like the Maldive islands could be submerged into the sea within 100 years because of water levels rising this can be due to melting icecaps and warmer weather .

Question 31

How will climat change affect erosion/deposition?

Answer 31

It will make waves and prevailing winds stronger due to hotter waters and greenhouse gases and melting ice caps .

Question 32

Explain how groynes and sea walls work?

Answer 32

.groynes reach out to the sea stopping longshore drift and stopping sediment travelling . And sea walls are curved and reflect and repel wave energy .

Question 33

Differences between hard and soft engineering ?

Answer 33

.hard engineering is manmade but soft is natrual

Question 34

Why are ICZM schemes sustainable .

Answer 34

Because they preserve certain land but also protect . This is more sustainable due to it being soft engineering .

Question 35

What is beach replenishment

Answer 35

Beach replenishment is when you take sand and sediment from out sea or another beach to preserve a more valuable beach.

Question 36

What advantages are there in soft engineering

Answer 36

It is natraul, doesnt cause problems dowm the coastline like groynes when they increase erosion