EQ2 Flashcards
What is the difference between long-term energy provision and short-term energy provision?
Short term - Balancing supply and demand.
Long-term = economic development and the environment.
What are the ways in which energy sustains a community?
- powers transport
- lights settlements
- communication
- drives manufacturing
- domestic use.
How is energy consumption changing?
- All consumption is rising. however, proportionately, renewables has had the largest increase.
What are the four aspects of energy security?
- Affordability
- Accessibility
- Dependency
- Reliability.
What will happen to energy intensity as a country economically develops?
- It will decrease as the money spent on energy per GDP of $1,000 is less.
What are energy mixes comprised of?
- renewables
- non-renewables
- recyclable energy
What type of energy accounts for 80% of global energy use?
Fossil fuels
What can occur if there is too much abroad dependency on energy supply?
- prices can hike
- Supplies can be cut off by military unrest.
What factors affect per capita energy consumption?
- technology
- climate
- cost
- standard of living
- economic development.
- public perceptions.
What is the fundamental factor concerning energy consumption?
- physical availability
- This affects political alignment and usage of energy.
- Even if there are domestic sources, how reliably and evenly are they spread?
What can help or hinder the accessibility of energy?
- Technology. It can trap non-readily available energy. It can also access oil through drilling through rock.
What is the other factor which determines energy consumption?
- cost
- higher cost mean less consumption.
How do standard of living and energy consumption correlate?
- high standard of living will see higher energy costs as less threatening.
Which country uses the most energy in the world per capita?
- Canada uses 11 kW of energy per capita.
What is an outlier concerning energy use and GDP?
- Japan has the highest GDP per capita with $38,000 USD.
- However, it only uses 5.9kW of energy per capita.
How does climate impact energy usage?
- places such as North America, Canada, the Middle East, and Australia have high domestic energy usage which is needed to make heat and cold more comfortable.
- Africa doesn’t have as much heat control. However, this is a measure of development over usage.
Who is responsible for energy pathways at the supply end?
- TNC’s
- OPEC (Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries)
- National governments
Who are the players responsible in energy pathways at the demand end?
- Consumers
- Energy companies
- Governments
- TNC’s.
What are TNC’s role in supplying energy?
- Many of them are involved in the exploration, extraction, and refining of these fuels.
- Many are state-owned and therefore not actually TNC’s.
What are OPEC’s role in supplying energy?
- 13 member countries.
- Have been accused of holding back production in order to raise demand and keep prices up.
What are governments role in supplying energy?
guardians of national energy security, and can influence the sourcing of energy for geopolitical reasons.
CASE STUDY: US Energy Mix:
- France only has 1/10 of the US’s consumption.
- This is explained by population difference. 331 million with 63 million.
- Carbon contributed to 82% of the energy production in the USA. 11% comes from renewables.
- US only imports 14%