EQ2

Question 1

What is the UDHR?

Answer 1

Produced by the UN in 1948.
30 articles and two covenants specifying people’s rights.
Including freedom, justice, peace and no persecution in all countries.
Forms the basis of international laws.

Question 2

Positives of the UDHR

Answer 2

-Inclusion of human rights in national culture and government policies.
-National and international protection for cultures and ethnic groups.
-Promotion of democracy

Question 3

Negatives of the UDHR

Answer 3

-Some countries do not agree with all rights and are selective in applying the articles and covenants due to religious, political or economic reasons.
-Some believe human rights are placed above sovereignty.

Question 4

Challenges of the UDHR

Answer 4

Executions still take place, slavery exists and gender issues persist.
-Not all countries have signed and ratified the UDHR, in 1990 Islamic countries devised their own version (Cairo declaration).
-Some countries have used human rights as a reason for military action.

Question 5

Why did South Africa not sign the UDHR?

Answer 5

Because of the declaration’s potential to disrupt its practice of racial discrimination and segregation, known as apartheid. Lasted 1948-1994.

Question 6

Why did Saudi Arabia not sign the UDHR?

Answer 6

Against the right to change religion.
conflicts with women’s rights who were only given the right to vote and drive in 2015

Question 7

What is the ECHR?

Answer 7

Established in 1950 to maintain human rights and freedom across Europe as a whole, and is based on the UDHR.
- 47 signatory countries
-59 articles

Question 8

What are the positives of the ECHR?

Answer 8

It helps national police and juries reach clearer verdicts.
-There are only a small number of cases for most countries.
Helps to indicate where human rights and improvements are needed

Question 9

What are the negatives of ECHR?

Answer 9

Undermines national sovereignty
It takes the European court a long time to make decisions.

Question 10

ECHR in the UK

Answer 10

Can be argued that the ECHR is undemocratic because it threatens British sovereignty (the rights of the British parliament to determine its own laws)
-In 2016, due to brexit occuring the British government wanted to scrap the ECHR and replace it with “British Bill of rights and responsibilities”
-This could erode human rights in Britain

Question 11

What is the geneva convention?

Answer 11

International treaties that create rules for war situations, especially offering protection to civilians, medical workers, those wounded and prisoners.

Question 12

Why is the geneva convention controversial?

Answer 12

-inconsistencies in dealing with breaches
-several countries are still using torture or causing genocide of minorities.
-the large numbers of refugees and asylum seekers -few cases actually coming into trial.

Question 13

Why do differing countries have different priorities?

Answer 13

Some prioritize economic development whilst some prioritize human rights.

Question 14

Why is there a divide between South and North Korea?

Answer 14

Just after the second world war, what had been a Japanese colony was divided into two states.
To the North lies the democratic people’s republic.
To the south lies the republic of korea

Question 15

What is North Korea’s state?

Answer 15

a self reliant state.
They only involve one political party
A totalitarian state (only one political party which controls everything)

Question 16

Ways North Korea is being isolated from the rest of global community

Answer 16

• People are forbidden to use the internet.
  -no freedom of speech

Question 17

What does North Korea spend most of their money on?

Answer 17

-military forces and defence.

Question 18

The impacts of North Korea prioritising economic development and defences:

Answer 18

-food shortages, famines and malnutrition.
-feeding its people is a lower priority than the “defence” of the country.

Question 19

What is south Korea’s state like?

Answer 19

Embraced capitalism and has transformed into a high-income advanced economy.
-Ranks among the highest in the world in terms of education, healthcare and ease of doing business.

Question 20

Examples of two emerging superpower countries

Answer 20

China and India

Question 21

How has China’s state changed?

Answer 21

Was a communist with one party gov after second world war.
However now known as a “socialist market economy”

Question 22

What are some of China’s human rights abuses?

Answer 22

Re-education through labour
Suppresion of the internet and media freedom- hundreds of websites blocked.
Torture and ill-treatment of detainees.
Workers rights- trade unions are illegal. Workers are not allowed to protest about low wages, poor conditions.
Death penalty- China accounts for nearly 3/4 of the world’s executions.

Question 23

What is India’s state like?

Answer 23

Democratic republic with a parliamentary system of government

Question 24

What did the last election (2014) in India focus on?

Answer 24

• the stalled economy
  -rising prices
  -corruption
  -security
  -infrastructure

Question 25

What are some of India’s human right issues?

Answer 25

• violence against religious minorities- muslims
  -neglect of tribal communities
  -sexual abuse and violence against women and children

Question 26

What is the link between level of democracy and level of corruption?

Answer 26

Greater democracy brings less corruption.

Question 27

How does corruption impact human rights?

Answer 27

-Loss of financial investment in education, health and welfare.
-Provokes public protests and benefits power elites. Trade unions may be removed.

Question 28

Corruption in Myanmar

Answer 28

-the scale of the informal and illicit economy suggests strong links between the ruling elite and organised crime activities, such as drugs, human trafficking and illegal logging.

Question 29

Corruption in Myanmar

Answer 29

-the scale of the informal and illicit economy suggests strong links between the ruling elite and organised crime activities, such as drugs, human trafficking and illegal logging.

Question 30

Variations between rights (gender and ethnicity) in Rwanda

Answer 30

Mass slaughter of Tutsi in Rwanda by members of the Hutu majority government.
There has always been disagreement between the majority Hutus and minorities tutsis.
The two ethnic groups are very similar- they speak the same language and same traditions.
The tutsis are taller and thinner than the hutus.
More than 20,000 tutsis were killed.

Question 31

What percentage of the US population is made up from NA Indians and Alaskan natives?

Answer 31

-North American Indians and Alaskan natives comprise about 2% of the US population, with 78% of these living in tribal teritories.

Question 32

Who provides the health and education of North American Indians?

Answer 32

The Indian health service ( IHS), which provides care for over 2 million.

Question 33

Variations in health- North American Indians

Answer 33

THE IHS is underfunded with problems with sterilization equipment, errors in medical records and unqualified medical staff.
-Only less than half of the population has health insurance-restricting access to the US health care system.
-Their needs are greater than the US white population, high infant mortality, diabeties, sucidie and TB

Question 34

Variations in education- North American Indians

Answer 34

In 2012, performance at all levels was about 10% below the white US population.
5% of indigenous children attend schools with a curriculum on “native ways of knowing”- these schools ran by Bureau of Indian Education have poor quality buildings and poor governance.

Question 35

What did the Generation Indigenous initiative in 2015 focus on?

Answer 35

Programmes in education, health and nutrition, juvenile justice, housing and young engagement.
The 2016 US budget proposed $1.5 billion (8%) increase from 2015.
-5.1 billion for Indian Health service.
-In 2016, funding for BIE schools was $904 million.- to increase opportunities
-$59 million increase for buildings and infrastructure

Question 36

Rates of progress for women in Afghanistan?

Answer 36

-During the 1980s and 90s, Taliban rule gradually reversed the rights of women and enforced their own version of the Sharia Law (only 14% of women are enrolled in secondary education)
-Women are not allowed to leave the house without a male chaperone.
-

Question 37

Rates of progress for ethnic groups in Australia?

Answer 37

ATSI= Aboriginal and Torres straight Islander.
-Before 1967, ATSI were not considered to be Australian individuals, denying them the vote.
-Legally couldn’t own property until 1985.
ATSI have a life expectancy 10 years shorter, with high levels of drug and alcohol abuse.
-Unemployment and avoidable deaths 3 x higher among ATSI people.
-30% of ATSI adults lack basic literacy skills. However, this is improving as 54% aged 20-24 now have the Australian A-level equivalent.
-20% of school age children are not enrolled, and those that are, attendance is poor.

Question 38

Rates of progress for women in Bolivia

Answer 38

-Gender inequality is still huge.
-Gender violence has caused more deaths than cancer or war.
-50% of women have been subject to physical abuse.
-Highest maternal mortality in South America.
-Lack of education means women cannot voice to improve human rights.

Question 39

Rates of progress for ethnic groups Bolivia

Answer 39

Bolivia is one of the most ethnically diverse countries in Latin America.
-60% of Bolivia’s population are classified as Indigenous.
-30% are mestizo (mix of European and Amerindian descent).
There has been progress socially, politically and culturally however Indigenous people still remain marginalised.