Eq1 What Are Superpowers? soft and hard powers and the factors that contribute to the superpowers Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

Super power

A

A state or organisation that is able to extend a dominant influence Other countries globally through economic political cultural and military strength

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the six sources of power?

A
Economic power and influence
Political factors
Military strength
Cultural influence
Demographic factors
access to Natural resources
physical size and geographical poisition
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Give an example of a country that uses physical size and geographical position to its advantage

A

Russia is the worlds largest country and controls significant resources as a result - Russia has access to the Arctic region which has vast untapped natural resources that live beneath it

however Russia’s relations with other countries is complex , and so using these resources to its advantage by selling via global trade is difficult.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where does Russia China and the USA rank in worlds largest countries

A

1st Russia
3rd USA
4th China

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Give evidence to prove that economic power and influence is important in becoming a superpower

A

In 2015 the worlds 10 largest economies accounted for 65% of the global GDP

Some of these countries have the worlds most powerful currency’s for example the US dollar and the euro

They also have the power to determine global economic policies by joining Political and economic organizations such as a G20 or trade bloks.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Give an example of a country that has used as population size to help with its economic success

A

China and India also use their large populations as a source of cheap labor in manufacturing- 52.6% of China’s population of 1.39 bln work in agriculture and industry.

However a large population is not critical to power since Singapore is total population is about half of that of London and yet it has a major influence on South East Asia econ.
and 36% of China’s pop. lives on under $2 a day.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Pop. of China

A

1.4 billion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How much of global military spending does the US dominate

A

37%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where does the USA China Russia and India rank in the worlds largest armies?

A

1st - China
2nd - India
3rd - US
4th- NK

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The UN Security Council is the ultimate status in the military power who are the five permanent security council members?

A

USA UK Russia China and France

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Give examples of companies that have influenced global culture

A

Disney , Sony, universal and Warner, Coca Cola

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Give an example of a country that could become a superpower due to its access to natural resources

A

China dominates the global steel industry and its economy has grown thanks to dependency on coal- because steel is the worlds most important engineering and construction material-

Saudi Arabia remains the largest export of oil in 2020

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where did the UK China India and the US rank in soft power rankings in 2019?

A

2nd - UK
5th- US
27th- China
India did not make it onto the list

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Give evidence to show that as a soft power Britain is a global leader in education

A

Has prestigious universities like Oxford and Cambridge

42% students are not from the U.K. most are from China, the US and Germany

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

SOFTPOWER UK ; Number of embassies in the UK

A

165 embassies which helps maintain status as country with one of the largest networks of embassies around the world
in comparison ; china has 147 embassies
and US - 178

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

SOFTPOWER UK ; Why is the BBC so important to Britain in its maintenance of status as an important soft power

A

The BBC News sells its own programs overseas for example The UK version of top gear Is shown in over 100 countries and is the worlds most popular TV series

The BBC News also is a major international broadcaster which broadcasts in more than 40 languages through the BBC World Service

17
Q

CHINA AS A GROWING SUPERPOWER;

Explain how the hanban institutes set up by the Chinese government helped China to exert its soft power

A

They set up more than 280 institutes in 88 countries and regions with more planned for 2020

18
Q

What is hard power?

A

Hard power: using military and economic influence (trade deals, sanctions) to force another country to act in a particular way.

19
Q

What is soft power?

A

Soft power: more subtle persuasion of countries to act in particular ways, on the basis that the persuader is respected and appealing. Includes political persuasion (diplomacy) and cultural influence.

20
Q

Why was Heartland (geo-strategic location) theory influential?

A
  • Mackinder argeud that the heartland was the key geo-strategic region in the world and control of it meant control over the ‘World Island’.
  • It persuaded the USA, UK and other European countries that Russia needed to be ‘contained’, i.e. prevented from spreading outward by taking over new areas close by.
  • It reinforced the idea that control of physical resources (land, mineral wealth) was important.
21
Q

Why could the Heartland theory be considered less influential in the twenty-first century?

A
  • Modern military technology - size is no protection
  • Physical resources are traded internationally; there is much less need to have them domestically.
  • War and conflict are generally seen as abnormal, whereas in the past they were accepted ways of gaining power.
22
Q

Give two examples to show that hard power still exists.

A
  • In 1991 and 2003 the USA and its allies invaded Iraq, partly to secure oil supplies.
  • Russia invaded Georgia in 2008 and Ukraine/Crimea in 2014, claiming to be protecting ethnic Russians.
23
Q

define hegemony

A

Hegemony is the political, economic, or military predominance or control of one state over others.

24
Q

define neo-colonialism

A

Neocolonialism is the practice of using economics, globalisation, cultural imperialism, and conditional aid to influence a country instead of the previous colonial methods of direct military control (imperialism) or indirect political control (hegemony).

25
Q

from when did the cold war bipolar era last?

A

between 1945 an 1990

26
Q

what occurred during the cold war ?

A

the beliefs and politics of the USSR did not agree with the USA. In order to
become more powerful the USSR took advantage of collapsed countries in Europe and
enforced a communist regime.

27
Q

why might some say that the Cold War era was bipolar?

A

dominated by the uSA and the USSR

  • US helped to produce goods and finance tov help rebuild fallen superpowers countries (France, UK) in Europe after WWII
  • Economic production rapidly increased in the USSR and matched the USA in tech., testing and producing nuclear weapons by 1949.
28
Q

In 1961 how did the USSR prove that it was on the same level of economic and technological dominance as the USA ?

A

1961- USSR beat the uSA to put the first man into space and by the the 1960’s it was the world’s second economic superpower

29
Q

When did the USSR collapse?

A

late 1980’s to 1991- due to internal disintegration and political conflict between republics leaving theUS as the only present superpower , however, now china is on the rise