EQ1- Human Development - concepts of HD

Question 1

Development

Answer 1

the process by which a country evolves over time for the better in terms of economic, social, political and sustainable change.

Question 2

GDP

Answer 2

GDP per capita measures the total value of goods and services produced in a country per year, per head of its population in the US.

Question 3

Human development index

Answer 3

Based on life expectancy, education (literacy rate and average length of schooling) and income.

Question 4

since 1990 how many people have been lifted out of low HD?

Answer 4

2 billion ppl

Question 5

ranks for 2019 in HDI ?

Answer 5

1) norway
2) Switz
3) Ireland
the US at rank = 17 UK = rank 13
China = higher than rank 80

Question 6

HPI ranks 2019?

Answer 6

1) Costa Rica (below rank 60 on HDI)
2) Mexico
3) Colombia

UK in top 40
China rank 72
US below 100

Question 7

GDP ranking for 2020

Answer 7

1) US - not in top 5 for either HDI or HPI
2) China - not in top 5 for either HDI or HPI
3) Japan
4) Germany
5) India

Question 8

KOF index of globalisation

Answer 8

uses data including trade and FDI figures, number of foreign embassies, tourist flows, volume of international mail. Top countries include Ireland, Netherlands and Belgium - bottom countries include Somalia, Laos and Sudan

Question 9

what is the happy planet index based on?

Answer 9

• wellbeing, inequality of outcome, ecological footprint.

Question 10

what does shariah law aim to preserve?

Answer 10

religion 
life
intellect
property & honor 
as well as needs and comforts 

despite western country adoption of secularisation, Muslim countries do not see this as necessary for development.

encourages Muslims to live a life closer to god, in kindness and justice with his creation , as long as right are protected, development will ensue.

Question 11

what does the shariah law state about HD?

Answer 11

• a woman can have 1 husband and a man = 4 wives
• a non-muslim man who marries a muslim woman is punishable by death
• women cannot speak alon to a man who is not her husband or relative
• also covers inheritance, contracts and criminal punishment .

summary; looks to sole issues such as theft, drunkenness, adultery and abortion - commonplace in a western society.

Question 12

how has globalisation impacted shariah law in Muslim countries?

Answer 12

Such experiences in globalisation/ westernisation created an urge for Muslim countries, that aim to gain economic might, to change culturally-rooted norms via shariah law; Saudi Arabia’s govt now allows for women to be registered as ‘co-head’ of their households and are able to live apart from their husbands. however strict guardianship laws of men over women continue to be enforced; such as the necessity to ask husbands for permission to enter a domestic violence shelter.

Question 13

socialist development in bolivia occurred under who and when?

Answer 13

Evo Morales was elected in 2005 , the 1st indigenous Bolivian president to ever be elected.

Question 14

2005 Bolivia under evo morales, what developments in human life followed his presidency?

Answer 14

transform B into a more socialist state ; nationalisation of oil and gas industries, created increased revenue, allowing for investment of revenue into public and social health programmed and further investment into infrastructure.

25% reduction in poverty and 43% drop in extreme poverty.

Question 15

2005 Bolivia under evo morales, what environmental developments followed his presidency?

Answer 15

2012 - int. the ‘law of mother earth’ which put nature first due to a variety of problems facing Bolivia (water shortages, mudslides, lake Poopo drying up)

through this resources were reclassified as ‘blessings from nature’ with a focus on conservation

however despite his efforts,Bolivia remains one of SA’s poorest countries

Question 16

How successful was Evo Morales’ government’s socialist model of development ?

Answer 16

HDI by 6 points from 2005 - 2016

life expectancy increased by 13.6 years and schooling increased by 2.5 yrs

GNI also increased by 74.1%

Question 17

how unsuccessful was evo morales?

Answer 17

High levels of inequality remained at 35%

reduction in HPI from 2014 - 59Th place to 92nd - 2017

Question 18

what is the ICESR and what are its limitations?

Answer 18

The International Covenant on economic, social and cultural rights - accepted by 170 countries and passed by the UN in 1976.

recognises the right for everyone to have free education at 1,2 and higher level.

has been signed by only 70 countries. -even when signed it has not been effectively ratified it const of the member countries. and many have made interpretative declarations to their application of the covenant.

struggles to achieve gender equality in education, especially in SSA countries - South Sudan has not signed

Question 19

what suggests that the ICESR is achieving its aims to achieve universal education?

Answer 19

avg years of schooling in Africa have increased from 2-5 yrs and there is a projection of 10yrs by 2050.

Question 20

ranks for the most educated countries in 2018?

Answer 20

1) canada 
2 Japan 
3 Israel 
4 Korea 
5 UK

Question 21

what does UNESCO’s see as the driving factor in human development?

Answer 21

UNESCO sees education as the main driver for Hd, women equally ed as men = improves a countries human resources = more skilled workers which can attract FDI fom overseas (China), microfinance schemes have helped India and Bangladesh to help educated women run their businesses successfully. All these ways help a country’s GDP grow.

Question 22

Gender Inequality index ?

Answer 22

a composite index devised by the UN, measuring gender inequalities related to 23 aspects of social and economic development. These are ;

• reproductive health
• empowerment
• labour force participation rate.

Question 23

What are the ranks for the most educated countries ?

Answer 23

1 Canada 
2 Japan 
3 Israel (shariah law - binding personal law on citizens) 
4 Korea
5 Uk