EQ1- HD & Variations in hd Flashcards
There are considerable variations in health and life expec. in the developing world, which impacts particularly on levels of infant and maternal mortality. where do these impacts come from?
population growth pressures on human resources
widespread poverty and overcrowding
conflicts affect ppl’s wellbeing
level of maternal and prenatal healthcare
Gandhi quote on human resources availability vs consumption
“The world has enough for everyone’s need, but not enough for everyone’s greed.”
what was the growth in population since the 20th century
increase friom only 3 billion to 7.6 billion in 2018
what % of the worlds pop lives in developing countries?
80%
give stats to prove that health and life expec in countries are improving, even in developing countries?
Tuberculosis and Malaria rates have fallen by more than 45% since the 1990’s , but over 95% of TB deaths occur in developing countries.
despite countries like Zambia and India in south asia and SSA having high rates of diseases such as TB have been falling by 2% per year.
Conflicts have affected ppl’s wellbeing across the world, how?
ongoing conflicts in the middle east in countries such as Syria and lybia have high levels of mortality.
Afghanistan has the highest infant mortality rates in the world.
maternal mortality has imrpoved in the world to a middling extent , give stats.
- maternal mortality has declined globally by 45% since the late 20th century.
however this varies with country ; Cambodia 86% increase but Kenya 17% only.
infant mortality has improved globally by how much?
decline in infant mort. by 47% globally
but this also varies with countries like Somalia and Afghanistan maintains some of the highest infant mortality rates in the world, while Peru has improved by over 70%.
what are OECD countries?
organisation for economic cooperation and developemnt of 37 member countries all aiming to stimulate economic progress and world trade.
what has the OECD proven about development?
that variations in health and LE in the developed world are largely a based on 3 determinants ;l
- socio economic factors
- lifestyles
- preventative methods of HC
give stats to show that the OECD has effectively maintained high levels of human development using
Despite increases in avg LE by 5.1 yrs - Japan = 83.7 while US = 78.99 due to diet and lifestyle choices.
most OECD countries are at above 74 years - they have been able to achieve this by having high levels of healthcare spending and developments - nearly 9% of GDP spent. , increasing steadily. shows positive correlation between spending on healthcare and LE.
what are the 4 things that drives variations in health and life expectancy?
ethnicity
poverty and deprivation
lifestyle and socio-economic group.
healthcare
Variations in the UK ;
where can the variation in life expectancy be seen in the UK?
North south divide
Dorset ; 86.8
Glasgow; 78.5
Variations in the UK ;
Give a reason for the difference of LE in N. Ireland Vs England.
NI = 78.8 Eng= 79.4
smoking is highest in males in NI - lifestyle
jobs that are more physically demanding/ expose to chemicals = risk ; heavy labouring is highest in NI
Variations in the UK ; what can be used to argue that lifestyle Is not the most sig. factor in determining extent of LE?
Scotland does not have high levels of labour, smoking or intoxication but scottish citizens can expect to die 2 yrs earlier than their English counterparts….
variations amongst the aborigines in Australia ;
what % of the population do the aborigines make up?
3%
variations with aborigines in Australia ;
variation in LE?
despite australia having oen of the highest average life expectancies in the world, Male and female Aborigines live 10 yrs shorter than normal Australian
variations amongst the aborigines in Australia ;
variation in infant mortality
infant mortality is twice as high
variations amongst the aborigines in Australia ;
lifestyle choices of aborigines affect what?
type 2 diabetes is 3x more prevalent ; obesity rates are 66% higher in adults
also responsible 7x more deaths
variations amongst the aborigines in Australia ;
gender inequality amongst aborigines?
- women are 3x more likely to suffer from psychological distress due to levels of unemployment, alcohol and drug issues, gambling etc
variations amongst the aborigines in Australia ;
access to healthcare has what impact on aborigines?
- cancer rates are much higher due to the remoteness of settlements on islands in northern Australia such as Torres Strait Island.
