EQ1 8A.2 VARIATIONS IN HEALTH AND LIFE EXPECTANCY

Question 1

what are there large variations between in the developing world

Answer 1

large variations in health and life expectancy

Question 2

what can the differences in health and life expectancy in the developing world that be explained by

Answer 2

different access to basic needs such as food, water supply and sanitation.

Question 3

in much of the world what is the life expectancy

Answer 3

In much of the world, LE is now over 65 years.

Question 4

which country is the main exception of life expectancy

Answer 4

Africa

Question 5

where is there relatively high life expectancy

Answer 5

In much of the world, LE is now over 65 years.

Question 6

is life expectancy higher for females or males

Answer 6

There are gender differences. In nearly all populations, female LE is greater.

Question 7

what is LE in the Uk

Answer 7

In the UK, LE for men is 78.4 years but 82.8 years for women.

Question 8

what is LE in Botswana

Answer 8

in Botswana, it is 56.0 years for men and 52.3 for women, the key factor being the high rate of maternal mortality (death during childbirth).

Question 9

Other than LE, what are the other reliable indicators of health in the developing world.

Answer 9

the number of doctors per 100,000 people.

the % of the population with regular access to essential drugs.

Question 10

what is the positive correlation between LE and per capita income

Answer 10

With decreasing income, access to food, clean water and sanitation become less guaranteed.
A shortfall in any of these necessities immediately increases the risks of disease, ill health and premature death.

Question 11

why are there variations in health and life expectancy in the developed world

Answer 11

Variations in health and life expectancy in the developed world are largely because of differences in lifestyles, levels of deprivation and the availability, cost and effectiveness of medical care.

Question 12

what are ‘free’ national health services funded by

Answer 12

some form of taxation

Question 13

what are private health services funded by

Answer 13

paid for either through social health insurance or on an ‘as and when’ basis

Question 14

why are there variations in healthcare spending

Answer 14

These variations are often reflected in the range of healthcare services provided and in their quality and effectiveness.

Question 15

what does deprivation describe

Answer 15

a situation of poor diet, poor housing and poor healthcare

Question 16

what do the symptoms of poverty combine to create

Answer 16

health risks that ultimately increase the death rate and lower the LE

Question 17

which unhealthy lifestyles carry health risks

Answer 17

obesity, smoking, alcoholism and heart disease

Question 18

what are variations in health and life expectancy in the developed world due to

Answer 18

differences in lifestyles, levels of deprivation and the availability, cost and effectiveness of medical care.

Question 19

which factors play a role in variations in health within countries

Answer 19

ethnicity and gender play a role in these variations

Question 20

which factors play a significant role in causing life expectancy (LE) to vary internally

Answer 20

e ethnicity, poverty and deprivation, lifestyle socio-economic group and access to health care.

Question 21

In Australia, LE for Aboriginal people is how much lower than for non-indigenous people.

Answer 21

is 10 years lower

Question 22

why is LE for Aboriginal people lower than for non-indigenous people

Answer 22

factors include poor housing, low levels of education, high unemployment, discrimination, alcohol abuse and heavy smoking.
Most of these factors can be attributed to historical prejudice against Aboriginal people.