EQ1 Flashcards
What are 2 examples of a unipolar world ?
British Empire 1850-1918
USA 1990-2009
What is an example of a bipolar world ?
Cold War 1945-1990
What are 2 examples of a multipolar world?
1918-1945 saw rise of USA, USSR, Germany
Arguably currently- USA, china, India, Russia, eu
What is NATO?
North Atlantic Treaty Organisation- military alliance providing USA with allies in North America, Europe, Middle East. Had considerable value during Cold War.
Example countries: us, Canada, France, UK, Turkey
What is smart power ?
The combination of hard and soft power- using both types in a situational way.
What type of power has the world moved towards ?
Hard to smart- in 19th century colonial powers maintained power through force, smart power has become more influential over time.
Who put forward the Heartland Theory and when?
Mackinder in 1904
What is the heartland theory?
That there is a region called the ‘heartland’ (region of Eurasia stretching from e Europe to china). Argues that this was the key geostrategic area in the world and whoever had control of most of it had most of the world’s human and physical resources.
what is cultural hegemony?
In Marxist philosophy, cultural hegemony is the domination of a culturally diverse society by the ruling class who manipulate the culture of that society—the beliefs, explanations, perceptions, values, and mores—so that their imposed, ruling-class worldview becomes the accepted cultural norm.
in 1901 how much of the world did Britain own?
1/4 of the world’s landmass and population
nowadays how big is the uk’s economy?
6th largest in world
the uk has the worlds ___ largest defence budget
5th - around 36 billion
what crippled the UK’s empire?
ww2
what is imperialism?
a relationship of political, economic, or social control between geographical areas.
what is colonialism?
the political rule of one region by another.
what is colonisation?
the physical settling of people from a colonial power within their country.
what is an example of colonialism?
the political control of Burma by Britain
what is an example of Imperialism?
introduction of Christianity into countries
what is an example of colonisation?
british people moving to india
what are the benefits to the uk of colonising india?
exploit workforce
exploit resources
what is cultural imperialism?
the imposition by one usually politically or economically dominant community of various aspects of its own culture onto another, nondominant community.
what did Britain build in india as a symbol of political power?
the current presidential palace in delhi
what is cultural imperialism a vital tool for?
colonisation
what did Britain do in order to ‘modernise’ india?
build an extensive railway network
what are examples of british imperialism in india; what did they introduce?
cricket
tea
English language
in what year did india become independent?
1947
what are 3 reasons why the british empire collapsed?
competition
nationalism
ww2
who did the british empire start to compete with?
usa
ussr
what are some examples of nationalism causing problems for the british empire?
Ghandi in india
Boers in south Africa
who were the boers and how did they challenge british ruling?
boers=South Africans of Dutch, German, or Huguenot, commonly referred to as Afrikaaners. In the course of the 20th century, the Afrikaaners took control of South African politics, and they resolved to become independent of the British sphere of influence. The Second Boer War was fought between the British Empire and two Boer states over the Empire’s influence in South Africa, 1899-1902. Britain won but they were shook
who are the MINTs?
Mexico, India, Nigeria, Turkey
why are the MINTs relevant?
they’re considered to be the next economic giants
who are the ‘next 11’?
meant to be up and coming big economies and powers: MINTs, Iran, Egypt, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Philippines, Vietnam, South Korea
what is the global north-south divide?
old idea-the brandt line separated rich and poor
based on 70s-80s geography-little between rich and poor
what is the dependency theory?
there is a group of wealthy areas (core) and a periphery of underdeveloped states.
according to the dependency theory, why is the periphery poor?
not tradition or backwardness: it’s necessary for the development of capitalism (ew) in the core states.- the success of the core states causes poverty in the periphery because of the coercive and exploitative manner in which the periphery states have integrated into the global economy.
according to the dependency theory, what does the core give the periphery?
manufactured goods
aid
polluting industry
what does the periphery give the core?
smart people-brain drain
raw materials
political support
debt repayments
what is wallerstein’s world systems theory?
there’s a core, periphery, and semi periphery- multidisciplinary, macro-scale approach to world history and social change. emphasizes the social structure of global inequality.
what percent of world trade is inter-core, according to the world systems theory?
75
who are the biggest contributors to the IGOs?
usa uk Germany france japan canada
what was comecon?
IGO formed by Russia to facilitate cooperation between socialist and communist.
what did ivory coast have to do in order to receive aid from the IMF?
set up commercial courts
allow free presidential elections
how much of the ivory coast’s debt was cancelled by the imf and when?
4.4 billion USD
2013
what is the fear of the IMF discussed in their most recent meeting (October 2018)?
that global institutions are losing their cohesiveness and therefore can’t deal with capital flight from countries.
who did trump blame for falls in stock/share prices?
Federal Reserve (central banking system of usa)
what are the usa and china’s total tariffs (2018)?
360billion USD
who did trump put high tariffs onto?
EU
mexico
Canada
china
why is trump putting such high tariffs on china?
doesn’t like trade deficit (difference between imports and exports) with china-says it damages USA’s manufacturing. trade deficit in 2017-375 billion USD.
what is protectionism?
trying to use restrictions such as tariffs to boost your country’s industry and shield it from foreign competition.
what are the benefits of free trade?
provides consumers w more options+benefits of lower prices
benefits trading countries through competitive advantage
“key to economic growth”
what are the costs of free trade?
bad for local businesses and producers
workers have bad conditions and low wages
citizens lose jobs to foreign labour
what are the benefits of protectionism?
tariffs protect country from foreign competition while it grows
new industry+companies can develop competitive advantage
jobs for domestic workers
what are the costs of protectionism?
weakens industry-companies have no need to innovate.
smaller market
slows economic growth
jobs lost-no exports
what is neoliberalism?
20th century resurgence of 19th century ideas associated with laissez faire economic liberalism, favouring free-market capitalism.
75% of the largest TNCs are based in how many countries?
10
what are the 2 types of TNC?
state led
public
what are state led TNCs?
companies majority owned by govt-profits go to state
what are public TNCs?
shares of company owned by numerous stakeholders around the world. they receive dividends from the profit.
what are the (ugh) benefits of TNCs?
promote new tech-invest large sums in R+D to develop new products.
invest in communications systems in order to trade globally
their inward investment helps cpuntries by providing new jobs+skills for locals
bring wealth + foreign currency to local economies
what are the 3 areas of intellectual property law?
patents
copyrights
trademarks
