EQ1 - 6.3

Question 1

Carbon in the oceans

Question 2

Phytoplankton are mostly microscopic single-celled plants found in the warmer surface ve

Question 3

of oceans and seas.

Question 4

Biological

Question 5

pump

Question 6

They consume carbon dioxide from the atmosphere during the process of photosynthes

Question 7

Activit

Question 8

questi

Question 9

storing it in their bodies as a carbohydrate

Answer 9

this makes them as important part of the biology

Question 10

1. Wh

Question 11

They are the base of the marine food web. Although minute

Answer 11

their huge numbers make upAs

Question 12

the plane’s biomass. Phytoplankton have rapid growth rates called net primary productivity

Question 13

especially in the shallow waters of continental shelves

Answer 13

where rivers carry nutrients far outo

Question 14

no

Question 15

U

Question 16

and in nutrient upwelling locations. The Arctic and Southern Oceans are very productive are

Question 17

Carbon is then passed up the food chain by consumer fish and zooplankton

Answer 17

which in turn rele

Question 18

CO

Answer 18

back into the water and atmosphere.

Question 19

Most is recycled in surface waters. Only 0.1% reaches the sea floor after the dead phytoplanki

Question 20

2. Ir

Question 21

sink

Answer 21

where they either decompose or are turned into sediment. Decomposition is faster thand

Question 22

land because of the lack of woody plant structures. Phytoplankton sequester over billion metr

Question 23

Bio

Question 24

tonnes of COz annually to the deep ocean.

Question 25

Carbonate

Question 26

pump

Question 27

The marine food web extends from phytoplankton to zooplankton and then to other organisms

Question 28

such as corals

Answer 28

oysters and crabs

Question 29

Some carbon dioxide is returned to the atmosphere through respiration.

Question 30

When organisms die and sink

Answer 30

many shells dissolve before reaching the sea floor sediments. Thi

Question 31

carbon becomes part of the deep ocean currents. Shells that don’t dissolve build up slowly on the

Question 32

sea floor

Answer 32

forming limestone sediments such as those in the White Cliffs of Dover.

Question 33

This is based on the oceanic circulation of water including upwelling

Answer 33

down-welling and the

Question 34

Physical pump

Question 35

une

Question 36

alt

Question 37

thermohaline circulation. CO

Answer 37

in the oceans is mixed much more slowly than in the atmosphere

Question 38

so there are large spatial differences in CO

Answer 38

concentration. The colder the water

Question 39

potential for CO

Answer 39

to be absorbed. CO

Question 40

surface

Answer 40

and polar oceans store more CO

Question 41

water

Question 42

CO

Answer 42

into the atmosphere

Question 43

more

Question 44

ductice

Question 45

More than twice as much CO

Answer 45

can dissolve into cold polar waters than in warm equatorial

Question 46

Waters. As major ocean currents such as the North Atlantic Drift (Gulf Stream) move waters

Question 47

from the tropics to the poles

Answer 47

the water cools and can absorb more atmospheric CO

Question 48

latitude and Artic zones with deep oceans have cooler water

Answer 48

which sinks because of its highe

Question 49

density

Answer 49

taking COz accumulated at the surface downwards.