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Topic 3: Globalisation > EQ1: 3.3 > Flashcards

EQ1: 3.3 Flashcards

1
Q

Describe political globalisation?

A
  • membership of international organisations
  • participation in international treaties
  • number of foreign embassies
  • being part of peace-keeping operations
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2
Q

Describe economic globalisation

A
  • cross-border trade transactions

- volume of FDI

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3
Q

Describe social globalisation

A

number of - telephone calls, foreign residents, tourists, McDonald’s branches

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4
Q

What are the ways of measuring of globalisation?

A

AT Kearney Index

KOF Index

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5
Q

The AT Kearney Index was published by….

A

Carneige Endowment

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6
Q

What was this published for?

A

international peace think tank

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7
Q

What are it’s uses?

A

for main indicators to calculate index e.g. political engagement, technological connectivity, personal contact, economic integration

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8
Q

How is the country ranking worked out?

A

worked out using complex points & weighting system

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9
Q

What are the problems with the AT Kearney Index?

A

doesn’t include illegal immigrants, limitations

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10
Q

What is KOF and what does the index do?

A

a swiss economic think tank that releases a yearly globalisation index

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11
Q

What 3 main dimensions does it measure?

A
  • economic e.g. volume of FDI
  • social e.g. cross-border contacts (telephone calls, letter, tourists etc.)
  • political e.g. country’s membership of different international organisations
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12
Q

Give the process of the KOF Index

A
  • each set of indicators is scaled (weighted)
  • then each of the 3 sets are aggregated into one value
  • values are then ranked
  • average final rank is produced
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13
Q

What is the most dominant globalisation?

A

economic globalisation

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14
Q

What is the least dominant globalisation?

A

social globalisation

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15
Q

What do the most globalised countries use?

A

all 3 (economic, social, political) globalisations equally - smaller countries, european, & colonisers

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16
Q

What do the least globalised countries use?

A

most use economic globalisation & have a lot of missing data because of the way they record it - corrupt government

17
Q

What is economic liberlisation?

A

a country ‘opening up’ to the rest of the world with regards to trade, regulations, taxation

18
Q

What are the TNCs?

A

a company that has operations in more than one country

19
Q

Give an example of primary sector TNCs

A

mining companies

20
Q

Give an example of secodary sector TNCs

A

clothing or tech manufacturers

21
Q

Give an example tertiary sector TNCs

A

supermarkets or financial services

22
Q

What do TNCs play a crucial role in?

A

the development and spread of global business & trade

23
Q

What are some examples of TNCs

A

McDonalds, Nike

24
Q

Name one strategy that TNCs may use

A

engage in outsourcing & offshoring

25
Q

What is outsourcing?

A

TNCs contact another company to produce the goods & services they need rather than doing it themselves which creates complex supply chains & so they’re not responsible for the harm

26
Q

What is offshoring?

A

a TNC shifts location of a service or production of a part to a location abroad

27
Q

Name another strategy of TNCs

A

May use glocalisation as a strategy

28
Q

What is glocalisation?

A

adapting goods and services of a business to increase consumer appeal in different local markets - necessary because tastes differ from place to place

29
Q

Give an example of a TNC using the glocalisation strategy

A

coca cola hosts different websites in different countries so each site is culturally appropriate & engaging - while maintaining a strong brand identity

30
Q

How are most manufacturing TNCs ‘assembly industries’?

A

as they’re making products as part of a supply chain

31
Q

What are some reasons for global nature of TNCs?

A
  • to operate where labour is cheap & less regulated
  • spread the risks e.g crop failure/industrial action/recession
  • operate inside local trade barriers to avoid tariffs & quotas
32
Q

Name ways in which TNCs contribute to spread?

A
  • closer to separate markets - which may need to be served differently depending on cultural needs
  • gain grants & other rewards from national governments who are trying to attract inward investment
33
Q

ALL TAKE ADVANTAGE OF ECONOMIC LIBERALISATION

A

ALL TAKE ADVANTAGE OF ECONOMIC LIBERALISATION

34
Q

Why does Sahel remain switched off?

A
  • physical - lack of water supply, dry - not many resources, natural hazards - droughts, landlocked - hard to export
  • human - low life expectancy
  • economic - 22% literacy rate, lack of infrastructure - not even capable to trade, debt
35
Q

Why does North Korea remain switched off?

A
  • politically - fear of cultural erosion, desire to retain heritage, banned social media - minimise population from other countries, dictatorship, government controlled, ran by 1 family the last 70 years

Topic 3: Globalisation (3 decks)

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