EQ1: 3.1 Flashcards
Define Globalisation
Increasing the flows within and between networks
What are these global networks?
When human beings connect with each other across national borders at world-region scales
Creating economic, social and political structures
What is a hyperconnected world?
Connections of money, info & materials that link businesses together - which span across continents as part of a single global economic system
What are the main flows between places?
Commodities, capital (money), information, migrants, tourists
What is economic globalisation?
Businesses in developing and emerging countries have expanded and led communities into global systems as producers/consumers of goods & services
What is cultural Globalisation?
Widespread cultural changes which have occurred through the adoption of language, fashion, music, food that originated in powerful countries. Sometimes cultural changes are fiercely resisted
What is Social Globalisation?
Due to international migration social connectivity has grown resulting in global improvements in education and healthcare - resulting in higher literacy rate & life expectancy. Also grown due to social media
What is Political Globalisation?
Growth of large trading blocs and important global organisations - linked to concept of global governance
Explain remittances
Money that migrants send home to their families via formal or informal channels
Global flows lengthened….
Products sourced from faraway continents
Global flows deepened….
Connectivity felt in everyday life - imported food, TV to use global social media
Global flows faster….
Communicate in real time - messenger, skype etc
Explain Time-Space Compression/Shrinking world effect
Heightened connectivity changes our conception of time to the movement of goods - travel times fall - different places approach each other in space time
Transport in the 19th Century
Railways, telegraph, steam ships
Transport in the 20th Century
Jet aircraft, containerisation, cyberspace information
Factors involving a shrinking world (the process)
Horse-drawn coaches, sailing ships, steam trains & ships, propeller aircraft, jet passenger aircraft, cyberspace info
How does time/space convergence affect some placed more than others?
It depends on connections - falling costs communications, reducing the lapse of information transmission
What transport speeds up manufactured goods?
Shipping, trains, aeroplanes, containerisation
ICT developments in the 21st Century
Telephone - especially mobile technology, Internet (social networking, electronic banking, fibre optics), communication costs have been lowered, time-space compression
Explain Leapfrogging
Developing countries will often skip steps in technology. E.g High income countries have landline before mobile but developing countries will have a portable phone so there’s no cable
In Kenya Safaricom launched M-Pesa - what does it do?
Mobile phone service which allows credit to be directly transferred between phone users
What do people in Kenya use mobiles for?
- People in towns and cities - to make payments for utility bills & school fees
- Farmers and fishermen - check market prices before selling produce
What is the role of Fibre Optics?
Cables laid on the ocean floor where internet data moves via these optic cables - owned by governments & TNCs
How is there Unequal access to the internet
Country with higher GDP - higher internet connectivity e.g Hong Kong
Countries with lower connectivity - Asia, South America, Africa
