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Human Geography: Superpowers > EQ1 > Flashcards

EQ1 Flashcards

1
Q

define geostrategic strategy

A

the strategy required in dealing with geopolitical problems

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2
Q

define superpower

A

a nation with the means to project its power and influence anywhere in the world and to be a dominant global force

(unfortunately not superman)

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3
Q

define emerging power

A

a state or union of states with significant rising influence in global affairs

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4
Q

whats an example of emerging power

A

BRICs group

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5
Q

define regional power

A

a nation that exercises influence and power within a region

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6
Q

what are the 5 pillars which characterize a superpower / mechanisms of power

A

economic
military
political
cultural
resources

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7
Q

what are the 3 types of power

A

hard power
economic power
soft power

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8
Q

what is hard power

A

Hard power tends to mean getting your own way by force.

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9
Q

examples of hard power

A
  • Military action or the threat of it
  • Military alliances such as NATO
  • Diplomatic threats to use force in negotiation talks
  • Using economic sanctions against countries
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10
Q

examples of economic power

A
  • Favouring certain trade partners
  • Trade blocs and alliances
  • Giving allies economic and technical help
  • Using aid to influence policy
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11
Q

define soft power

A

Soft power is said to be the power of persuasion

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12
Q

examples of how soft power is used

A
  • Using media to promote image + message
  • The values and ideologies of some nations are seen as appealing
  • Exporting culture in the form of film + TV or globally recognised brand
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13
Q

is the mechanism of power military hard or soft power

A

hard

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14
Q

how does military help superpowers power

A

It makes others feel threatened when military is large

Type of weapons also influences a country’s power e.g nuclear

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15
Q

what is a limitation of the mechanism of power, military

A

You have to train people, not everyone is willing.
Do they have all types of military?

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16
Q

is the mechanism of power, economic hard or soft power

A

hard

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17
Q

how does economic power help superpowers power

A

Good development as money can afford better education, healthcare which leads to better quality of life

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18
Q

what is a limitation of the mechanism of power, economic power

A

Money cannot solve all issues.

Not all governments will distribute money the same with a low gini coefficient.

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19
Q

is the mechanism of power, politics hard or soft power

A

soft

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20
Q

how does the mechanism of power, politics help superpowers power

A

A good, stable, democratic government will lead to people being influenced by government and also other countries when creating relations

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21
Q

what is a limitation of the mechanism of power, politics

A

Can be corrupt and still influential.

Not always democratic can be dictatorship.

22
Q

is the mechanism of power, culture hard or soft power

A

Superpowers want to spread their ideology and influence others

23
Q

how does the mechanism of power, culture help superpowers power

A

Superpowers want to spread their ideology and influence others

24
Q

whats a limitation of the mechanism of power, culture

A

Loss of cultural tradition due to westernisation.

May get to a hybrid of culture.

Loss of traditional religion potentially.

25
is the mechanism of power, resources soft or hard power
soft
26
how does the mechanism of power, resources help superpowers power
Others will build relations with other countries to trade, building influence as they can offer a more favourable price to one country to gain something in return. Companies' FDI influences power within a country as resources are traded internationally
27
what is a limitation of the mechanism of power, resources
Unsustainable as it impacts climate change Price changes
28
how has superpowers power changed overtime
In the past we could freely move military hard power globally however in the 21st century superpowers and emerging powers cannot move military hardware as freely so countries has moved to soft power to spread influence and power
29
define propaganda
the spreading of rumours, false information or correct information or an idea in order to influence the opinion of society
30
define colonial
relating to or characteristics of a colony or colonies
31
what is a unipolar world
A unipolar world is one dominated by one superpower
32
what is an example of a unipolar world
the british empire
33
what is a bipolar world
a world with 2 superpowers, with opposing ideologies
34
what is an example of a bipolar world
the USSR and USA
35
what is a multipolar world
A multipolar world is more complex, many superpowers and emerging powers compete for power in different regions
36
what was a key issue with the Cold War that made it problematic
A key issue during the cold war was how developing countries could be influenced and controlled after they gained independence from their former colonial masters
37
what is neo-colonialism
Neo colonialism means an indirect form of control that meant newly independent countries were not actually in control of their own destiny
38
what is hegemony
This is the term used to describe the dominance of a superpower over other countries
39
who is currently the biggest hedgeman
The biggest hedgeman is USA currently
40
how is a unipolar world unstable
A unipolar world dominated by one hyperpower may appear stable, but the hyperpower is unlikely to be able to maintain control everywhere, all the time, which could lead to frequent challenges by rogue states not accepting the hyperpowers hegemonic position.
41
how is a bipolar world unstable
A bipolar world could be stable, as it its divided into 2 opposing blocs, stability depends on diplomatic channels of communication between the blocs remaining open and each superpower having the ability to control countries in its bloc. However a breakdown of control and/or communication could lead to disastrous conflict
42
how is a multipolar world unstable
it's complex as there are numerous relationships between more or less equally powerful states; the opportunities to misjudge the intentions of others, or fears over alliances creating more powerful blocs, are high and increase the risk of conflict.
43
what are the mechanisms of neo-colonial control
Control over institutional economic institution Strategic alliances Aid TNC investment Terms of trade Debt
44
how is control over institutional economic institution a mechanism of neo-colonial control
A number of international economic institutions like The World Bank regulate international economy’s. The developed states have a monopolistic control over institutions
45
how is strategic alliances a mechanism of neo-colonial control
Military alliances between developing nations and superpowers make the developing nations dependent on military aid + equipment from superpower
46
how is strategic alliances a mechanism of neo-colonial control
Development aid comes with strings attached forcing the recipient to agree to policies and spending priorities suggested by aid donor
47
how is aid a mechanism of neo-colonial control
Development aid comes with strings attached forcing the recipient to agree to policies and spending priorities suggested by aid donor
48
how is TNC investment a mechanism of neo-colonial control
Investment from abroad may create jobs and wealth, but be dependant on the receiving country, inhibiting development
49
how is Terms of trade a mechanism of neo-colonial control
Low commodity export prices contrast with high prices for imported goods for developed countries inhibiting development
50
how is debt a mechanism of neo-colonial control
Developing countries borrow money from developed ones, and then end up in a debtor creditor relationship

Human Geography: Superpowers (4 decks)

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