EQ1: 1.1

Question 1

Describe the distribution of Earthquakes

Answer 1

Uneven, Clusters in certain locations (West of North & South America, along the coast of South East Asia, Japan, some parts of the Middle East, Atlantic Ocean)

Question 2

Describe the distribution of Volcanoes

Answer 2

In clusters (e.g North, Iceland, pacific ocean, mainly on oceans) - Ring of Fire

Question 3

Explain the Ring of Fire

Answer 3

Strip of tectonic activity of volcanoes in a ring shape mainly on the pacific ocean

Question 4

Describe the distribution of Tsunamis

Answer 4

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Question 5

What happens at a divergent plate boundary?

Answer 5

Plates move apart - molten rock from the mantle comes through the gap and spreads out and hardens - forming a ridge of new rock

Question 6

What occurs at a divergent plate boundary?

Answer 6

Gentle earthquakes, volcanoes

Mid Ocean ridges created

Question 7

Give an example of a divergent plate boundary

Answer 7

American plate moves away from the Eurasian plate Plate - Mid-Atlantic ridge

Question 8

What happens at a convergent plate boundary?

Answer 8

Continental and oceanic plate push together - oceanic plate subducts under continental plate (oceanic plate is denser - so sinks) - friction causes plate to melt so magma is forced through and produces volcanoes

Question 9

What occurs at a convergent plate boundary?

Answer 9

Violent and explosive volcanoes and earthquakes, deep sea trenches, subduction zones

Question 10

Give an example of a convergent plate boundary

Answer 10

Nazca plate (O) meets South American plate (C)

Question 11

What happens at a conservative plate boundary?

Answer 11

Two plates moving side by side but get stuck - pressure builds - one jerks forward - producing a violent earthquake but no volcanoes

Question 12

Give an example of a conservative plate boundary

Answer 12

Haiti sits on fault line - North American plate & Caribbean plate

Question 13

Fault line definition

Answer 13

Weak line in earth’s surface where crust is moving

Question 14

Intra-plate definition

Answer 14

Earthquakes occur away from plate boundary - Ancient fault lines

Question 15

Subduction zone definition

Answer 15

An area where the plate will subduct

Question 16

Trench definition

Answer 16

The dip where the plate has already subducted and there’s a dip in the plates on the ocean floor

Question 17

Benioff zone definition

Answer 17

Important to determine magnitude - determines depth and position of point of rupture - strain energy from plates is stored - released along fault

Question 18

Mantle Plume definition

Answer 18

Area in mantle where heat rises - high heat and low pressure causes lithosphere to melt - rises through cracks & surface - widespread of volcanic activity on earth’s surface above the plume

Question 19

Hot spot definition

Answer 19

Volcanic activity above the mantle plume