EPPP - from practice tests Flashcards
Encoding specificity
Ensuring that the same cues are present whe information is encoded and retrieved
Overlearning
Practicing a new skill past the point of mastery
Elaborative rehearsal
Relating new information to previously acquired information
Type I error
Incorrectly rejecting the null hypothesis
Myasthenia gravis
Disorder of neuromusclar transmission; unknown cause. Apears to involve inhibition of nerve action potentials as a result of presynaptic abnormality or postsynaptic sensitivity.
Cerebral palsy
Grou pf motor disorders resulting from brain lesions that may cayse persistent, nonprogressive motor dysfunction. Cause can be prenatal (e.g. heredity, anotix, or metabolic disturbance), natal (e.g. anoxia or trauma) or postnatal (e.g. trauma, infection, toxic poisoning).
Parkinson’s disease
Extrapyramical disease that affects the control of voluntary movements; is believed to be due to a lack of dopamine in the basal ganglia.
Cystic fibrosis
A genetically-transmitted disorder that affects exocrine gland functioning
Serial position effect
The tendency to forget items in the middle of a list
Treatment areas addressed in interpersonal therapy for depression
Grief
Interpersonal role disputes
Role transition
Interpersonal deficits
Hiskey-Nebraska test
IQ test for deaf children aged 3 to 16
Pruritus
Itching
Expectancy theory - 3 types of beliefs contributing to motivation
Expectancy
Instrumentality
Valence - the value of available outcomes to the individual
Alcohol-induced sleep disorder - symptoms per DSM-IV-TR
Typically occurs as the insomnia type, per DSM-IV-TR. Initially produces sleepiness, followed by insomnia, restless sleep, and increased REM sleep, often with vivid, anxiety-laden dreams. The diagnosis requires that the sleep disturbance be etiologically related to alcohol intoxication or withdrawal.
Centration
In Piaget’s theory of development – the tendency to focus on only one aspect of a situation or object while ignoring all other aspects. In the preoperational stage, severe limitations (including centration) underlie the child’s inability to conserve.
Decentration
In Piaget’s theory of development — the ability to consider more than one dimension or aspect at a time. It is characteristic of the concrete operational stage.
2 types of processing in Luria’s model of intelligence
Sequential and simultaneous
Type I schizophrenia - definition by Crow
Prominent positive symptomes; involves dopamine abnormalities
Type II schizophrenia - definition by Crow
Prominent negative symptoms; due to cortical atrophy
Estimated prevalence of schizophrenia
0.5 to 1%
Causes of learned helplessness depression
Internal stable, global attributions, especially of negative events
4 process steps of Freudian psychoanalysis
Clarification
Confrontation
Interpretation
Working through
High context cultures
Place greater emphasis on non-verbal forms of communication and rely on meanings that are shared by members of the group
Core link between depression and suicide, per Aaron Beck
Feelings of Hopelessness
Learned Helplessness - person associated with it
Seligman
Parents who are punitive but reward good behavior and praise and approval produce what kind of children?
Ones who have an indiscriminant need for social approval
Parents who are inconsistent and contradictory in their control produce what type of children?
Anxious and ambivalent children.
Parents who are overprotective produce what kind of children?
Weak, inept, or dependent.
Parents who consistently use punitive, repressive methods of control produce what kind of children?
Socially withdrawn or hostile and rebellious
Symptoms of alcohol withdrawal
Tremor, nausea and vomiting, autonomic hyperactivity, depressed mood and irritability, transient illusions and hallucinations, and insomnia.
Symptoms of caffeine intoxication
Restlessness, psychomotor agitation, flushed face, diuresis (excessive urine production), rambling speech, and muscle twitching
Symptoms of cocaine intoxication
Euphoria, grandiosity, hypervigilance, impaired judgment, rambling and incoherent speech, perspiration, chills, and visual or tactile hallucinations
Symptoms of hyperthyroidism
Weight loss, increased appetite, intolerance to heat, tremors, and a rapid heart rate. It is an endocrine disorder
Arbitration (as opposed to mediation or fact-finding)
The arbitrator considered the preferences of all involved parties but his / her decision or problem solution is binding
Mediation (as opposed to arbitration or fact finding)
A neutral third party (the mediator) uses various tactics to facilitate voluntary agreement between disputants. Mediators can make recommendations, but they have no formal power and cannot impose their solution or decision.
Fact-finding (as opposed to mediation or arbitration)
The fact-finder makes a formal recommendation following a review of the facts.
Age at which the neural mechanism requires for long-term memory recall undergo significant development
6-12 months. E.g. a baby of that age can remember imitation tasks, such as imitating a sequence of events such as removing a mitten from a puppet, shaking the mitten, and then replacing the mitten on the puppet
Differential reinforcement
It involves reducing an UNDESIRABLE self-reinforcing behavior by providing a reinforcer after each predefined interval of time that an indiidual does not engage in the problem behavior, but instead engages in other behaviors. e.g. have a child stop sucking its thumb by rewarding it with a quarter for playing with other toys every hour if the kid doesn’t suck its thumb.
Areas of the brain affected by Huntington’s Chorea
Caudate nucleus and putamen – parts of the basal ganglia
Escape conditioning
Negative reinforcement
Age at which a child is physically ready for toilet training
20 to 24 months
Age at which “stranger anxiety” begins in children
6 to 8 months
Major symptom which oppositional defiant disorder is missing
Physical aggression; if a child had that, they would most likely be diagnosed with conduct disorder
The neurotransmitters mediating the pleasurable effects of cocaine
Dopamine and seratonin
Zeigarnik effect
The tendency to remember interrupted or uncompleted tasks better than completed ones.
Major characteristic differentiating dementia from pseudodementia
In pseudodementia, the person exaggerates their cognitive problems, while in dementia the person tends to deny or minimize them.
Object relations term: Reparation
An infant’s attempts to repair a damaged mother image
Object relations term: splitting
The process of keeping good and bad parts of an object and oneself separate
Object relations term: Projective identification
Projecting feelings onto objects and then identifying with the object
Object relations term: Introjection
The assimilation of parts of an object as part of oneself. With “good” objects, it is used to reduce anxiety. With “bad” objects, it is a way to gain control over them.
Marlatt and Gordon’s research: what accounts for 3/4ths of relapses in addictive and other problem behaviors?
Negative emotional states, interpersonal conflicts, and social pressure
