Eponymous Signs/Tests Flashcards
Simmond’s Test/Sign
For rupture of Achilles tendon
Patient lies face down with feet hanging off the edge of the bed
+ve result - no movement of foot on squeezing the calf -> tendon ruptured
-ve result - plantarflexion of foot on squeezing the calf -> no rupture
McMurray’s Test
For lateral meniscus tear of the knee
The knee is held by one hand, which is placed along the joint line, and flexed to complete flexion while the foot is held by the sole of the foot with the other hand. Place one hand on the medial side of the knee to push the knee towards varus position (bow legged). Other hand rotates the leg internally while extending the knee. Essentially, going from cross legged to straight legged.
+ve - pain or click -> tear present
-ve - no pain or click -> no tear
Rim’s Sign
Distance between medial border of humeral head and anterior glenoid rim >6 mm
Light Bulb Sign
Humeral head is fixed in internal rotation no matter how forearm is turned
Hill-Sachs Defect
Impaction fracture of posterolateral surface of humeral head due to impaction of humeral head against anterior rim of glenoid during dislocation
Trough Sign
Compression fracture of anteromedial humeral head
Bankart Lesion
Fracture of anterior glenoid rim
Kantor’s string sign
String-like appearance of a contrast-filled bowel loop caused its severe narrowing -> Crohn’s disease, carcinoid syndrome
Rovsing’s sign
Appendicitis
Palpation of the left iliac fossa causes pain in the right iliac fossa
Cullen’s sign
Acute pancreatitis
Severe acute peri-umbilical bruising
Boas’ sign
Acute cholecystitis
Hyperaesthesia beneath the right scapula
Murphy’s sign
Cholecystitis
Ask the patient to breathe out and then gently place the hand below the costal margin on the right side at the mid-clavicular line. The patient is then instructed to inspire.
+ve - patient stops breathing in due to pain & no pain on LHS -> cholecystitis
-ve - pain on LHS OR no pain
Grey-Turner’s sign
Acute pancreatitis
Bruising of the flanks
Psoas stretch sign
Retrocaecal appendicitis
Patient lies on their left side with the knees extended. Examiner holds the patient’s right thigh and passively extends the hip. Or, the patient lies on their back, and the examiner asks the patient to actively flex the right hip against the examiner’s hand.
+ve - abdominal pain present -> retrocaecal appendicitis/psoas abscess
-ve - no abdominal pain
Battle’s sign
Traumatic basal skull fracture - specifically, middle cranial fossa
Bruising over the mastoid process due to bleeding from the posterior auricular artery
Takes at least 1 day to appear
