Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Week 7 > Epithelium & Epithelial Glands > Flashcards

Epithelium & Epithelial Glands Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 7 main Characteristics of Epithelium?

A
  1. Line body surface cavities
    • except joint cavities
  2. Avascular
    • no direct blood supply
  3. Polar
    • apical, basal, lateral sides
  4. Little extracellularmatrix
  5. Located on basal lamina
  6. High capacity for renewal
  7. Many functions
    • protection from abrasion
    • secretion
    • absorption
    • restriction of nutrient flow
    • contractility (myoepithelial cells)
    • sensation (neuroepithelial cells)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 5 surface modifications?*

A
  1. Striated/brush border (microvilli)
  2. Stereocilia (long microvilli)
  3. Cilia
  4. Keratin or Parakeratin
  5. Glycocalyx
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What type of epithelium is this?

A

Simple squamous epithelium

  • Flattened
  • Single layer
    • Endothelium = lining a blood/lymph vessel
    • Mesothelium = lining body cavity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What type of epithelium is this?

A

Simple cuboidal epithelium

  • Square cells
  • Single layer
  • Round Nuclei = centrally located
    • little cytoplasm
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What type of epithelium is this?

A

Simple columnar epithelium

  • Rectangular cells
  • Single layer
  • Nuclei = oval, towards BL

NOTE: May have immune cells migrating through

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What type of epithelium is this?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

  • Top layer = flattened
  • Multiple layers of cells
  • Surface modifications:
    • Non-keratinized (IMAGE)
    • Keratinized
    • Parakeratinized
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What type of epithelium is this?

A

Stratified Squamous Keratinized Epithelium

  • Highly keratinized = THICK skin
  • Moderately keratinized = THIN skin
    • cells lost nuclei

Parakeratin

  • Looks like keratin w/ nuclei in the top layer
    • _​_usually in mouth (gingiva)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is this?

A

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

  • Keratinization = characteristic of this
    • dead cells swirled together
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are these 2 types of epithelium?

A

Stratified cuboidal (LEFT) and columnar (RIGHT)

  • Both found in larger ducts of different glands
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What type of epithelium is this?

A

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium w/ Goblet Cells & Cilia

  • All cells = sit on BL
    • Not all cells = reach surface
  • Cilia + Goblet = respiratory epithelium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What type of epithelium is this?

A

Pseudostratified Columar Epithelium w/ Stereocilia

  • Long microvilli
    • Clump like paintbrush
  • Contain microfilaments of actin
    • NOT true cilia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What type of epithelium is this?

A

Transitional epithelium (aka Urothelium)

  • Balloon/Umbrella cells on surface
  • Type of pseudostratified epithelium
    • all cells = touch BL
    • not all cells = touch surface
  • Discoidal vesicles (another type)
    • membrnae infoldings cut = look like vesicles
      • actually an artifact
    • allow for expansion of the transitional epithelium when bladder is full
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is this structure?

A

Microvilli

  • Fingerlike projections
  • Appear as striated or brush border in LM
    • dense line, but not separate structures
  • Core = Microfilaments (actin)
    • run perpendicularly underneath microvilli (terminal web)
    • cytokeratin = deep in terminal web
  • Acti binding + motor proteins (myosin) present
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is this structure?

A

Cilia

  • Core = microtubules
    • 9 + 2 arrangements of tubulin
    • basal bodies = 9 triplets of microtubules
  • Dense line deep to cilia = basal bodies (IMAGE)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the 4 Lateral Surface Specializations?

A
  1. Zonula occludens
  2. Zonula adherens
  3. Macula adherens
  4. Zonula communicantes (Gap Junction)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the 4 Basal Surface Specializations?

A
  1. Basal lamina
  2. Basement membrane (can see on LM)
    • basal lamina & reticular lamina
    • Fused basal lamina
  3. Hemidesmosome
  4. Focal contact
17
Q

What type of epithelium is this?

A

Infiltrating squamous cell
carcinoma

18
Q

What basal surface specialization is this?

A

Basement membrane - 2 fused basal lamina

  • Fused basal lamina
    • lamina rara
    • Fused lamina densa
    • lamina rara
  • Ex: kidney epitheial cells
19
Q

What is the difference btw the images?

A

Thickening of capillary basement membrane

  • glomerulonephritis (LEFT)
    • pink = protein in basement membrane
  • normal glomerulus (RIGHT)
20
Q

Exocrine v Endocrine

A
  • Glands are epithelial in origin
    • formed by invagination of surface epithelium
  • EXOCRINE
    • retain connection to the surface (duct)
  • ENDOCRINE
    • loose connection to the surface
    • secrete into the blood
21
Q

How to Classify Exocrine Glands?

A
  1. How many cells
    1. single or multi cell
      1. unicellular = goblet
      2. multicellular = exocrine or glandular epithelium
  2. What they secrete
    1. serous (protein)
    2. mucous
    3. mixed
    4. mucous w/ serous demilumes
  3. Tubular v acinar/alveolar
    1. tubular = more linear
    2. acinar = ball shaped
  4. Simple v branched
  5. Coiled v straight
  6. Simple v compound
    1. simple = acinaer
    2. multi = tubuloalveolar glands
22
Q

What are the 2 types of Glandular Epithelium?

A
  1. Mucous cells
    1. Flattened nuclei
    2. Cell looks washed out
    3. Secretes mucous
  2. Serous cells
    1. Rounded nuclei
    2. Cell stains well
    3. Secretes protein (granules)
23
Q

What type of epithelium is this?

A
  • Mucous cells (right arrows)
  • Serous demilunes (left arrows)
24
Q

What are the 3 types of exocrine secretion?

A
  1. Merocrine
    • exocytosis
    • ex: exocrine pancrea
  2. Apocine
    • piece of cell pinches off
    • ex: milk proteins
  3. Holocrine
    • whole cell becomes secretion
    • ex: sebaceous glands (unicellular)
25
Q

Name the 5 Epithelially‐derived Tumors

A
  1. Papilloma – non‐malignant tumor of epithelium
  2. Carcinoma – malignant tumor of epithelium
  3. Adenoma – non‐malignant tumor of glandular epithelium
  4. Adenocarcinoma – malignant tumor of glandular epithelium
  5. Apudoma – tumor of APUD cells (Amine Precursor Uptake and Decarboxylation) AKA enteroendocrine cells;
    • tumor can be benign or malignant

Week 7 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions