Connective Tissue Flashcards
What are the types of Connective Tissue?
-
Cells
- resident
- mesenchymal cell
- adipocyte
- fibroblast
- transient/immigrating
- macrophage
- blood
- resident
-
Fibers
- collagen
- reticular
- elastic
- Ground substance
Note: Does not line a body surface!
What are the 3 main classifications of Connective Tissue?
-
Emryonic
- mucous CT
- mesenchyme
- Adult Proper
- Loose
- Dense
- regular (parallel)
- irregular
- Special
- reticular
- elastic
- adipose
- cartilage
- bone
- hematopeitic (blood)
What are the 2 kinds of embryonic connective tissue?
-
Mesenchyme
- loose CT network
- from mesoderm & neural crest
- stellate or spindle shaped
- ground substance
- resident cells = mesenchymal
-
Mucous CT
- hyaluronic acid
- cells are spindle shaped
- Wharton’s jelly
- resident cells = fibroblasts
What are the 2 characteristics of Adult CT Proper?
- Loose (areolar)
- cells > fibers
- pathway for lymphatics, nerves, blood
- can find lots of transient material in it
- abundant ground substance
- resident cell = fibroblast
- predominant collagen = type I
- Dense
- fiber > cells
- predominant collagen = type I
- named for arrangement of fibers
- dense regular (parallel)
- dense irregular
What type of connective tissue is this?
Loose CT
- Looks washed out
- Has lots of transient material in it
What type of connective tissue is this?
Dense Irregular CT
- Collagen bundles
- No obvious orientation
- Resistance to stress in ALL directions
- Capsules of organs
- part of dermis, submucosa
- can have fibroblasts & neurons in it
What type of connective tissue is this?
Dense Regular CT
- Parallel collagen bundles
- fibroblasts
- Tendons, ligaments, cornea
What is this?
Connective Tissue Tumor:
Fibrosarcoma
- Lots of cells
- Little organization
What type of tissue is this?
White adipose tissue
- One lipid droplet
- Resident cell = adipocytes
- Functions:
- energy storage
- cushion/insulation
- No direct innervation
What type of tissue is this?
Brown adipose tissue
- multiple lipid droplets
- resident cell = adipocytes
- present in newborns
- mostly absent in adults
- Functions:
- heat production
- more vascular
- direct innervation
What type of tissue is this?
Reticular Tissue
- Lymph node
What type of tissue is this?
Elastic Tissue
- Abundant elastic fibers or laminae
- Smooth muscle cells
- Example: Aorta
What are the 3 types of resident cells?
-
Mesenchymal cell
- Stellate (star-shaped)
-
Fibroblast cell
- spindle-shaped
-
Adipose cell
- Signet-ring-shaped
What type of resident cell is this?
Mesenchymal Cells
- Undifferentiated
- differentiate into multiple cell types:
- fibroblasts, chrondoblasts, osteoblasts
- differentiate into multiple cell types:
- Star or spindle shaped
- Euchromatic nucleus & prominent nucleolus
- Surrounded by ground substance
What type of resident cell is this?
Fibroblasts
- Makes component of EC matrix:
- collagen
- elastic fibers
- reticular fibers
- Also makes:
- proteoglycans & glycosaminoglycans
- glycoproteins: fibronectin & laminin
- Flattened nuclei
- Spindle shaped
- Leads to scar tissue
- becomes contractile myofibroblasts
What type of resident cell is this?
Adipocytes
- Ring shaped
- Thin cytoplasm
- Filled w. lipid
- Nucleus = compressed
What are the 7 types of Transient Cells?
-
Macrophages
- engulfs bacteris
-
Mast Cells
- allergic reactions
- granules
-
Eosinophil
- granules
- multilobed nucleus
-
Neutrophil
- wound healing
- granules
-
Basophil
- lots of granules
-
Lymphocyte
- large nucleus
-
Plasma cell
- no granules
What type transient cell is this?
Macrophages (in lung alveoli)
- Phagocytosis
- engulf material
- Ag processing
- Derived from blood monocytes
- large, oval eccentric nucleus
- In many tissues
- histiosytes in CT
- kupffer cells in liver
- dust cells in lung
- microglia in CNS
- Pathology:
- aggregation causes multinuclear GIANT cells
What type of transient cell is this?
Mast Cells
- Derived from hematopoietic stem cells in bone marrow
- different lineage than basophils
- Allergy/hypersensitivity
- Unilobed nucleus
- Granules (can be basophilic or eosinophilic or metachromatic)
- Histamine
- Protoglycan (PG): increase vascular permeability & contraction of smooth muscle
- Heparin
- PG: anticoagulant
- Eosinophil or neutrophil chemical factors
- Cytokines
- Phospholipid precursors
- to make PG & leukotrienes
- Histamine
- Metachromatic due to heparin
- PG: highly sulfated
- Have IgE receptors
- initates allergic response when Ag binds
What type of transient cell is this?
Plasma Cells
(look like mast cells, but NO granules)
- Derived from B lymphocytes
- Secretes antibodies
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