Epithelium and Membranes Flashcards
What are three features used to classify epithelia?
Squamous
Cuboidal
Columnar
Tissue that covers a body surface , lines a body cavity, forms part of most glands is known as what?
Epithelial tissue
What shapes of epithelial cells are found on the surface of epithelia and are one layer?
Simple squamous epithelium
Simple cuboidal epithelium
Simple columnar epithelium
What shapes of epithelial cells are found on the surface of epithelia and are many layers ?
Stratified squamous epithelium
Stratified cuboidal epithelium
Stratified columnar epithelium
What are the two specialised forms of epithelia ?
Keratinised and non - keratinised
What separated the epithelium from the underlying connective tissue ?
Basement membrane
Which epithelial tissue lines the interior of the blood vessels ?
Simple squamous
Which type of epithelial tissue specialises in moving particles across the surface and is found in airways and lining of the oviduct?
Pseudostratifed ciliates columnar
What are the 5 functions of epithelium ?
Secretion and lubrication
Absorption
Protection
Transport
Sensation
What are the 5 characteristics of epithelium?
Cellularity
Polarity
Supported by connective tissue
Avascular
Regenerative
What epithelium lines the oral cavity ?
Stratified squamous epithelium
What epithelium covers the hard palate and the tongue and the external surface of the gingiva ?
Keratinised stratified squamous epithelium covers the hard palate, external gingiva and some parts of tongues dorsum surface
What epithelium is found within the salivary glands ?
Stratified cuboidal epithelium
What membrane is found inside the oral cavity and where is its lubricant formed ?
Mucous membrane
Mucous is formed from the epithelial exocrine glands
What is is the function of an endocrine gland?
They release hormones directly into the blood stream allowing them to travel to cells around the body. They control growth, reproduction, metabolism, mood and organ functions
What is the function of an exocrine gland and where are they found?
They release substances through ducts onto the surface of the body such as sweat, tears, saliva, milks and digestive juices.
They are in the stomach and intestines in gastrointestinal tract, salivary glands , pancreas and liver
What specialisations are found on the surface of epithelial cells ?
Micro villi
Stereocillia
Cilia
What is the function of micro villi?
They increase the apical surface for absorption
What is the function of stereocilia?
They convert physical force from sound, head movement or gravity into an electrical signal known as mechanoelectrical transduction
What is the function of cilia ?
They remove foreign particles from the epithelial surface and help substances move along the surface of the cell membrane.
What is the structure of simple squamous epithelium ?
A single layer of flattened cells
What is the structure of simple cuboidal epithelium?
A single layer of cuboidal cells
What is the structure of simple columnar epithelium?
A single layer of cells that are taller than they are wide
What is the structure of psuedostratifird columnar epithelium ?
They appear stratified because the nuclei of the epithelial cells are at different levels
What is the structure of stratified columnar epithelium?
Multiple layers where the top layer is made up of the columnar epithelial cells
What is the structure of stratified cuboidal epithelium?
Multiple layers where the outermost is cuboidal
What is the structure of stratified squamous epithelium ?
Multiple layers of cells that are flattened as they move from the basal layer to the apical layer
Can stratified squamous epithelium be keratinised and non - keratinised
Yes or no?
Yes
What is the structure of transitional epithelium?
Multiple layers of cells with the outermost layer having larger pear/ dome shaped cells
What is the functions of simple squamous epithelium?
They facilitate the transfer of materials across the epithelium
What is the function of simple cuboidal epithelium?
Associated with absorption, secretion or excretion of waste material
What is the function of simple columnar epithelium?
Associated with absorption or secretion
What is the function of stratified squamous epithelium?
To provide protection from abrasion
What is the function of cuboidal epithelium?
To provide structural reinforcement and protection
What is the primary function of stratified columnar epithelium?
Protection
What is the function of transitional epithelium ?
Cells change shape during contraction which allows for stretching
What is a membrane and its function ?
Sheets of tissue composed of cells that cover or line internal structures or cavities
What are the four main membranes ?
Mucous
Serous
Synovial
Cutaneous
What is the mucous membrane and its function?
An epithelial membrane containing mucous cells that lines the body cavities that are open to external environment for protection. It is full of mucous glands that keep membranes moist
What is the synovial membrane and its function?
They line the cavity of a freely moveable joint they nourish cartilage as fibroblasts release hyaluronan into the joint cavity which traps available water to form synovial fluid
What is the cutaneous membrane and its function?
It’s also known as skin and is stratified squamous epithelial membrane is protects the body from pathogens as it’s covered in keratinised cells
