Bone & Cartilage Flashcards
What is meant by the term osteomyelitis ?
An infection of bone
What is an osteoblast ?
Bone forming cells
What are the 6 functions of bone ?
Protection
Shape
Movement
Blood production
Mineral storage
Sound
What are the classification of bones by shape?
Flat bone (frontal)
Sutural bone
Short bone (carpal)
Irregular bone (vertebrae)
Sesamoid bone (patella)
Long bone (femur)
In adulthood how many bones should we have?
206 - 213
Which type of cartilage would be found in the TMJ
Fibrous
Where is elastic cartilage found ?
The pinna of the ear
Which of the following is a flat bone ?
A - parietal bone
B - tibia
C - patella
D - vertebrae
What is the structure of a long bone ?
Give example
A long shaft or diaphysis and two articular surfaces, with central bone marrow cavity
Tibia or femur
What is the structure of a short bone ?
Give example
Cube shaped bones
Wrist and ankle
What is the structure of a flat bone ?
Give examples
Thin and often curved
Skull bones
Parietal bone
What is the structure of an irregular bone ?
Give example
Irregular and complicated shapes
Bones of the spine
What is the structure of a sesmoid bone ?
Give example
Embedded in tendons
The patella
What are the two main types of bone development ?
Intramembranous ossification
Endochondral ossification
What does fully developed bone consist of ?
An organic compound 30-40%
An inorganic material 40-50%
Water 20%
What three cells are present in bone ?
Osteoblasts
Osteocytes
Osteoclasts
What is the structure and function of an osteoclast ?
Large and multi-nucleated
Bone resorption cells that can engulf like macrophages and maintain optimum shape of bone
What is the bone structure of the inorganic matrix ?
Crystalline mineral salts & calcium
Hydroxyapatite crystals
What is the bone structure of the organic matrix?
Mainly collagen
What are the types of bone tissue ?
Compact bone
Cancellous or spongy bone
What is the structure and function of compact bone ?
Strongest form of bone tissue with few spaces
Forms tough outer layer of each bone
Adds support and protection to skeletal system
What is the structure and function of cancellous or spongy bone?
Light type of bone with branching bars and plates of bone tissue
Makes up the inside of short flat and irregular bones and epiphyses of long bones
What is the function of periosteum bone?
Provides nourishment by allowing blood vessels pass to bone
Gives attachment to muscle tendons
Helps with forming and repairing bone
What factors can delay bone healing?
Infection
Deficient blood supply
Old age
Medications
Host response
Tissue fragments between the ends of bone
What factors can improve healing?
Resting and limited movement
Pain relief medication
Nutrition
Appropriate movement under guidance
Age
What microbes can gain access to the bone and spread infection ?
Staphylococcus aurous
What is osteoporosis?
Loss of bone density
What is osteitis?
Bone inflammation
What is acromegaly?
Overgrowth of bone in face, hands and feet
What is fibrous dysplasia?
Abnormal growth or swelling of the bone
What is multiple myeloma ?
Cancer of the plasma cells in bone marrow
What is rickets?
A child’s growing bones fail to develop due to lack of vitamin D
What is cartilage ?
A firm a vascular non calcified connective tissue
What are the three types of cartilage ?
Hyaline
Fibrous
Elastic
What is hyaline cartilage and where is it found?
Principle type of cartilage particularly in foetus and infants
Found in articulating fugaces of bone
Costal cartilage, larynx, trachea and bronchi
What is fibrous cartilage and where is is found ?
Dense tough slightly flexible tissue
Found in the intervertebral disc
Knee and jaw joints
Pubic symphysis hip and shoulder joints
What is elastic cartilage and where is it found?
The intracellular matrix
Pinna of ear
Epiglottis
Tunica media of blood vessel walls
