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Biomedical Science > Bone & Cartilage > Flashcards

Bone & Cartilage Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is meant by the term osteomyelitis ?

A

An infection of bone

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2
Q

What is an osteoblast ?

A

Bone forming cells

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3
Q

What are the 6 functions of bone ?

A

Protection
Shape
Movement
Blood production
Mineral storage
Sound

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4
Q

What are the classification of bones by shape?

A

Flat bone (frontal)
Sutural bone
Short bone (carpal)
Irregular bone (vertebrae)
Sesamoid bone (patella)
Long bone (femur)

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5
Q

In adulthood how many bones should we have?

A

206 - 213

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6
Q

Which type of cartilage would be found in the TMJ

A

Fibrous

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7
Q

Where is elastic cartilage found ?

A

The pinna of the ear

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8
Q

Which of the following is a flat bone ?

A

A - parietal bone
B - tibia
C - patella
D - vertebrae

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9
Q

What is the structure of a long bone ?
Give example

A

A long shaft or diaphysis and two articular surfaces, with central bone marrow cavity

Tibia or femur

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10
Q

What is the structure of a short bone ?
Give example

A

Cube shaped bones

Wrist and ankle

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11
Q

What is the structure of a flat bone ?
Give examples

A

Thin and often curved

Skull bones
Parietal bone

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12
Q

What is the structure of an irregular bone ?
Give example

A

Irregular and complicated shapes

Bones of the spine

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13
Q

What is the structure of a sesmoid bone ?

Give example

A

Embedded in tendons

The patella

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14
Q

What are the two main types of bone development ?

A

Intramembranous ossification
Endochondral ossification

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15
Q

What does fully developed bone consist of ?

A

An organic compound 30-40%
An inorganic material 40-50%
Water 20%

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16
Q

What three cells are present in bone ?

A

Osteoblasts
Osteocytes
Osteoclasts

17
Q

What is the structure and function of an osteoclast ?

A

Large and multi-nucleated
Bone resorption cells that can engulf like macrophages and maintain optimum shape of bone

18
Q

What is the bone structure of the inorganic matrix ?

A

Crystalline mineral salts & calcium
Hydroxyapatite crystals

19
Q

What is the bone structure of the organic matrix?

A

Mainly collagen

20
Q

What are the types of bone tissue ?

A

Compact bone
Cancellous or spongy bone

21
Q

What is the structure and function of compact bone ?

A

Strongest form of bone tissue with few spaces
Forms tough outer layer of each bone
Adds support and protection to skeletal system

22
Q

What is the structure and function of cancellous or spongy bone?

A

Light type of bone with branching bars and plates of bone tissue

Makes up the inside of short flat and irregular bones and epiphyses of long bones

23
Q

What is the function of periosteum bone?

A

Provides nourishment by allowing blood vessels pass to bone
Gives attachment to muscle tendons
Helps with forming and repairing bone

24
Q

What factors can delay bone healing?

A

Infection
Deficient blood supply
Old age
Medications
Host response
Tissue fragments between the ends of bone

25
Q

What factors can improve healing?

A

Resting and limited movement
Pain relief medication
Nutrition
Appropriate movement under guidance
Age

26
Q

What microbes can gain access to the bone and spread infection ?

A

Staphylococcus aurous

27
Q

What is osteoporosis?

A

Loss of bone density

28
Q

What is osteitis?

A

Bone inflammation

29
Q

What is acromegaly?

A

Overgrowth of bone in face, hands and feet

30
Q

What is fibrous dysplasia?

A

Abnormal growth or swelling of the bone

31
Q

What is multiple myeloma ?

A

Cancer of the plasma cells in bone marrow

32
Q

What is rickets?

A

A child’s growing bones fail to develop due to lack of vitamin D

33
Q

What is cartilage ?

A

A firm a vascular non calcified connective tissue

34
Q

What are the three types of cartilage ?

A

Hyaline
Fibrous
Elastic

35
Q

What is hyaline cartilage and where is it found?

A

Principle type of cartilage particularly in foetus and infants
Found in articulating fugaces of bone
Costal cartilage, larynx, trachea and bronchi

36
Q

What is fibrous cartilage and where is is found ?

A

Dense tough slightly flexible tissue
Found in the intervertebral disc
Knee and jaw joints
Pubic symphysis hip and shoulder joints

37
Q

What is elastic cartilage and where is it found?

A

The intracellular matrix
Pinna of ear
Epiglottis
Tunica media of blood vessel walls

Biomedical Science (8 decks)

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