Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy: Epithelium/ Glands and Cartilage/Bones > Epithelium and Glands > Flashcards

Epithelium and Glands Flashcards

1
Q

general functions of epithelial tissue (7)

A
  1. protection
  2. absorption
  3. transcellular transport
  4. selective permeability
  5. surface transport
  6. secretion (glands)
  7. sensation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

two forms of epithelium

A
  1. epithelia

2. glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

epithelia

A

sheets of adjacent cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

glands

A

derived from invaginated epithelial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

specialized forms of epithelium

A
  1. mesothelia
  2. serosa
  3. endothelia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

mesothelia

A

membranes that line serous body cavities or organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

serosa

A

membrane that lines many regions of the GI tract and consist of a mesothelium and and underlying connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

endothelia

A

membranes lining the heart chambers, blood vessels, and lymph vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

common characteristics of epithelial tissue (lining type) (6)

A
  1. form surface sheet
  2. avascular (rely on diffusion of nutrients form surrounding connective tissue
  3. tightly packed cells with little extracellular matrix
  4. dynamic (can respond to environment with some change)
  5. sheets and individual cells are polarized (have an orientation)
  6. many have functionally significant cell surface specialization
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

apical specializations (3)

A
  1. microvilli
  2. celia
  3. sterocilia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

microvilli

A
  • small finger like projections
  • covered in carbohydrate rich coating (glycocalyx)
  • function in absorption
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

celiac disease (gluten sensitive enteropathy)

A

disorder in small intestine in which one the changes is loss of microvilli brush border of absorptive cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

celia

A
  • long, hair like
  • in epithelial tissue help with movement of substances across surface epithelium
  • sometimes sensory organelles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

sterocilia

A
  • in regions of male reproductive system

- found in sensory elements of inner ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

lateral specializations (3)

A
  • tight junctions
  • adhering junctions
  • gap junctions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

tight junctions

A
  • seal adjacent cells
  • only in epithelial tissues
  • formed by transmembrane junctional proteins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

adhering junctions

A
  • provide stability and structural unity
  • zonula adherens: formed by transcellular proteins
  • macula adherens (desmosomes): formed by plaques and specialized intermediate filaments
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

gap junctions

A

-allow cell to cell communication and passage of small molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

basal specialization

A

basal membrane

  • not part of epithelium tissue (extracellular)
  • sheet upon which the epithelial cells rest
  • comprised of: the basal lamina and the laminar reticularis
20
Q

basal lamina

A
  • made by epithelial cells
  • type 4 collagen
  • hemidesomes: anchor epithelial cells to basal lamina
21
Q

laminar reticularis

A
  • made by underlying connective tissue cells

- type 3 collagen (some type 1)

22
Q

basal infolding

A
  • infolding that increase surface area for ion transport
  • have mitochondria and ion pumps
  • give striated appearance
23
Q

classification of epithilia

A
  • layers

- shape of cells

24
Q

layers of epithelia classification (2)

A
  1. simple (one layer)

2. stratified (more than one layer)

25
Q

shape of epithelia classification (3)

A
  1. squamous (flat)
  2. cuboidal (cube)
  3. columnar (tall column like)
26
Q

stratified epithelia are classified by

A

shape of the most superficial cells

if the most apical layer is columnar but the most basal layer is cuboidal the classification would just be columnar

27
Q

pseudostratified epithelium (general characteristic)

A

gives stratified appearance but is actually composed of only one layer of cells (all touch the basement membrane)

28
Q

simple squamous epithelium

A
  • tightly packed, thin cells
  • allow exchange of fluid and gases
  • nuclei bulge into lumen b/c they are thicker than cytoplasm
29
Q

special simple squamous epithelium (2)

A

endothelium: lines the heart, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels
mesothelium: covers outer surface of organs

30
Q

simple cuboidal epithelium

A
  • functions in secretion and absorption

- found in many glands

31
Q

simple columnar epithelium

A
  • functions in absorption, secretion, and protection
  • often have microvilli
  • found in digestive tract
32
Q

stratified squamous NON-keratinized

A
  • protection (b/c its stratified)
  • maintains a moist surface
  • forms lining mucosa in oral cavity
33
Q

stratified squamous keratinized

A
  • non-nucleated cells filled with keratin on surface
  • protection
  • ex: skin and surface of the tongue
34
Q

pseudostratified epithelium

A
  • all cells rest on basal membrane, only columnar reach the apical surface
  • often ciliated
  • functions for secretion, lubrication, transportation
  • found in respiratory system
35
Q

transitional epithiliym

A
  • have 2 forms: relaxed (more cuboidal) or stretched (more squamous)
  • found only in urinary tract
36
Q

metaplasia

A

reversible change in which one epithelia type is replaced by another

37
Q

dysplasia

A

disordered growth that can lead to neoplasia

38
Q

neoplasia

A

new growth

  • bening :localized
  • malignant: not localized, metastatic
39
Q

carcinoma

A

malignant tumor of epithelial tissue

40
Q

adenocarcinoma

A

malignant tumor of glandular epithelial tissue

41
Q

glands

A
  • invaginations of epithelial tissue

- may be unicellular or multicellular

42
Q

two categories of glands

A
  1. exocrine glands

2. endocrine glands

43
Q

exocrine glands characteristics

A
  • maintain contact with overlying epithelial tissue
  • secrete products via ducts onto external or internal epithelial surface from which they originate
  • secrete from their apical surface
  • ex: submandibular gland, sweat gland
44
Q

classifications of exocrine secretion (3)

A
  1. merocrine: via exocytosis
  2. apocrine: small portion of apical cytoplasm released with secretory product
  3. holocrine: secretory cell is destroyed and becomes part of the secretory product
45
Q

classification based on TYPE of SECRETION for exocrine cells (2)

A
  1. serous: watery and often contains enzymes

2. mucous: viscous and has high glycoprotein content

46
Q

endocrine glands characteristics

A
  • ductless and secrete product into the blood or lymphatic vessel for distribution
  • normally secrete basally

Anatomy: Epithelium/ Glands and Cartilage/Bones (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions