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Organ HIsto > Epithelium > Flashcards

Epithelium Flashcards

1
Q

General fxns of epithelium

A

Absorption
Secretion
Provide a barrier

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2
Q

What are the two parts of the basement membrane

A

basal lamina- produced by epithelial cells

reticular lamina- produced by fibroblasts in CT

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3
Q

Which part does a partial basement membrane have?

A

basal lamina

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4
Q

Functions of a basement membrane

A
  1. provide a surface for epithelial cell attachment
  2. molecular filter
  3. limit stretch (prevents damage)
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5
Q

T/F epithelium is avascular

A

true

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6
Q

how do epithelial cells obtain nutrition?

A

diffusion

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7
Q

what is the functions of CT that epithelial cells are connected to

A

provide nutrition.

source of defensive cells

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8
Q

Types of cell junctions (4)

A 
Zonula Occludens (aka tight junctions)
Zonula Adherens (aka adhesion belt)
Macula Adherens ( desmosomes)
Gap Junctions
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9
Q

Zonula Occludens (aka tight junctions)

A

these junctions involve the sharing of intrinsic membrane proteins between adjacent cells. Like a girdle around the cell

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10
Q

Fxns of Zonula Occludens

A

provide a strong attachment.

prevent the passage of materials between cells

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11
Q

Zonula Adherens (aka adhesion belt)

A

these are regions consisting of cadherins (linking proteins) between cells and marginal bands (microfilaments) which attach the cytoskeleton to the cell membrane at these areas.

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12
Q

Fxns of Zonula Adherens

A

Strong attachment.

provide cell structural stability

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13
Q

Macula Adherens ( desmosomes) functions

A

provide strong attachment

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14
Q

Gap junctions

A

6 connexins arranged in a cylinder. The size of the openings can be controlled by the cell. A connexon = ! complete structure.

Osteocytes use gap junctions

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15
Q

Fxns of gap junctions

A

strong attachment.

transport materials. ex) communication

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16
Q

Junctional Complex

A

3 junctions in the following order beginning with the free cell surface:
Zonula Occludens
Zonula Adherens
Macula Adherens

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17
Q

what is NOT considered part of a Junctional Complex

A

gap junctions

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18
Q

Simple Squamous

A

A single layer of flattened cells

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19
Q

example locations of Simple Squamous

A

lung, parietal layer of the bowmans capsulein the kidney, serosa on the outside of organs

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20
Q

Fxns of Simple Squamous

A

provides a barrier and a living filter

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21
Q

Simple Cuboidal

A

a single layer of cube shaped cells; nucleus occupies much of the cell cytoplasm

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22
Q

example locations of Simple Cuboidal

A

exocrine ducts, thyroid follicular cells, kidney tubules

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23
Q

fxns of Simple Cuboidal

A

provide a barrier.
secretion.
absorption… in some locations

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24
Q

Simple Columnar

A

single cell layer that have height; more cytoplasm; rectangular in shape

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25
Q

example locations of Simple Columnar

A

stomach, small intestines, gallbladder, ;arger exocrine ducts

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26
Q

fxns of Simple Columnar

A

provide a barrier.
secretion.
absorption

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27
Q

Types of ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium

A

goblet cells.
ciliated columnar cells.
basal cells

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28
Q

example locations of ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium

A

trachea, respiratory region of nasal cavity, bronchi

29
Q

Goblet Cells

A

modified columnar cells that produce mucus

30
Q

ciliated columnar cells

A

columnar cells that contain cilia. which are anchored to the base of the basal bodies. the function to move mucus over the surface

31
Q

basal cells

A

short pyramidal cells that does not reach the surface. they function to be the stem cell for ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium

32
Q

example locations of microvilli

A

kidney tubule cells, small intestines

33
Q

example locations of stereocilia

A

cochlear hair cells

34
Q

example locations of cilia

A

trachea, fallopian tube

35
Q

glycocalyx

A

a surface layer of glycoproteins and carbohydrates that cover some epithelium. produced by epithelial cells.

36
Q

fxns of glycocalyx

A

protection and call recognition

37
Q

example locations of glycocalyx

A

stomach and small intestines

38
Q

stratified squamous

A

multiple layer of calls that tend to flatten out from basal layer to superficial layer; superficial layer of cells are flat and alive.

39
Q

example locations of stratified squamous

A

esophagus, oral cavity, tongue, vagina

40
Q

function of stratified squamous

A

Protection from abrasion

41
Q

Problems with stratified squamous

A

no protection fro drying, and they have a limited thickness so protection is limited.

42
Q

Keratinized Stratified Squamous (aka epidermis)

A

multiple layer of calls that tend to flatten out from basal layer to superficial layer; superficial cell layer is covered by an added nonliving layer of keratin

43
Q

Fxn of Keratinized Stratified Squamous

A

protection in a dry environment

44
Q

stratified cuboidal example locations

A

larger ducts in sweat glands and salivary glands

45
Q

function of stratified cuboidal cells

A

to increase protection

46
Q

stratified columnar example locations

A

large ducts in pancreas, parts of the male urethra, conjunctiva of the eye

47
Q

functions of stratified columnar cells

A

to increase protection and provide transition between epithelial types

48
Q

how common is stratified columnar cells

A

Very Rare

49
Q

Transitional (urinary)

A

= urothelium

multiple layer of cells

50
Q

functions of Transitional cells

A

protection and to stretch

51
Q

Specializations of Transitional cells

A

Thin fenestrated basement membrane.
LArge rounded superficial cells.
Well developed Zona Occludens

52
Q

Psoriasis Vulgaris

A 
patchy skin lesion.
accelerated keratinocyte life cycle- 1 week
cells accumulate in stratum corneum
inflammation in dermal papillae
cyclic and etiology is unknown
53
Q

Freckles

A

spots with extra pigment.
increase in melanin without an increase in melanocytes.
tend to fade in winter and darken with sun exposure.

54
Q

vitiligo

A

patches which lack melanocytes.

unknown cause but often associated with systemic disease

55
Q

moles

A

aka naevi

discoloration due to a proliferation of melanocytes

56
Q

malignant melanoma

A

melanocytes become mitotically active and invade dermis.
very invasive and metastatic.
treatment; surgery and chemotherapy

57
Q

Albinism

A

Cause: melanocytes fail to produce melanin.

Most common form: tyrosinase is missing from melanocytes. it is a catalyst in the conversion of tyrosine to melanin

58
Q

Acinus

A

smallest division of a gland; a group of cells surrounding a cavity

59
Q

serous demilune

A

a small group of serous cells attached to a musus acinus

60
Q

Myoepithelial cells

A

contractile cells with epithelium origin. these cells wrap around the acinus and sometimes the ducts in some exocrine glands

61
Q

example locations of Myoepithelial cells

A

salivary and sweat glands; lacrimal glands; lactacting mammary glands

62
Q

functions of Myoepithelial cells

A

assist secretion

63
Q

serous glands

A

produce proteins

found in the pancreas, parotid gland, chief cells in stomach.

64
Q

characteristics of Myoepithelial cells

A

trapezoid shaped, nucleus is typically round and noticeable, cells pick up stain

65
Q

Mucus glands

A

produce mucus.

found in goblet cells, mucus cells in the stomach, minor salivary glands in tongue and palate

66
Q

characteristics of mucus glands

A

typically stain light. nucleus is often flat and peripheral

67
Q

mixed glands

A

produce serous and mucus.

found in sublingual glands and submandibular salivary glands

68
Q

characteristics of mixed glands

A

serous demilunes are possible

Organ HIsto (4 decks)

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