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Epithelium Flashcards

FOM 1, Exam 1, Lecture 7

1
Q

What are the three functions of epithelium?

A

chemical exchange
homeostasis
absorption/secretion

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2
Q

Where is endothelium found?

A

blood vessels and lymph vessels

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3
Q

Where is mesothelium found?

A

peritoneal (abdominal wall) and serous cavities

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4
Q

What is the intraperitoneal layer called?

A

serosa

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5
Q

What is the retroperitoneal layer called?

A

adventitia

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6
Q

Where is myoepithelium found?

A

muscle and glands

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7
Q

Where is neuroepithelium found?

A

taste buds (sensory information)

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8
Q

Where is simple squamous epithelium found?

A

blood vessels
body cavities
parietal layer of renal corpuscles

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9
Q

Where is simple cuboidal epithelium found?

A

kidney tubules
small ducts of glands
free surface of ovary

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10
Q

Where is simple columnar epithelium found?

A

GI tract
uterus
large ducts of some glands

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11
Q

Where is stratified squamous epithelium found?

A 
skin (keratinized)
mucous membranes (non-keratinized)
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12
Q

Where is stratified cuboidal epithelium found?

A

larger ducts of sweat glands

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13
Q

Where is stratified columnar epithelium found?

A

larger ducts of mammary glands, salivary glands, and exocrine glands

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14
Q

Where is transition epithelium found?

A

urinary passages

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15
Q

Where is pseudostratified columnar epithelium found?

A

respiratory tract

epididymis

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16
Q

What are the four apical specializations of epithelium?

A

microvilli
stereocilia
cilia
flagella

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17
Q

What are microvilli comprised of?

A

folds of cell membranes

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18
Q

What are sterocilia comprised of?

A

bunches of actin filaments

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19
Q

What are cilia comprised of?

A

hair-like structures

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20
Q

Where is flagella found?

A

sperm

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21
Q

Where is microvilli found?

A

small intestine

proximal renal tubule

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22
Q

Where is stereocilia found?

A

Organ of Corti (ear)

epididymis

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23
Q

Which apical specializations are non-motile?

A

microvilli

stereocilia

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24
Q

Which apical specializations are motile?

A

cilia

flagella

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25
What is the purpose of microvilli?
increase surface area for absorption
26
What is the purpose of stereocilia in the ear?
hearing/balance
27
What is the purpose of stereocilia in the epididymis?
absorption
28
What is the purpose of cilia and flagella?
propulsion
29
What is the core of microvilli?
actin
30
What is the function of spectrin?
stabilize the actin filaments to anchor them to the cytoplasm
31
What is the core of cilia?
9 + 2 microtubules
32
What are the microtubules in cilia anchored to?
basal bodies
33
How are the microtubules in cilia connected to one another in a circle?
nexin connects the radial tubules
34
What is the function of dynein in cilia?
hydrolyze ATP and slide to cause movement
35
What are the four lateral zones of epithelium?
zonula occludens zonula adherens macula adherens gap junctions
36
What is the zonula occludens also known as?
tight junctions
37
What is the zonula adherens also known as?
anchoring junctions
38
What is the macula adherens also known as?
desmosomes
39
What does the zonula occludens aggregate with?
actin filaments
40
What does the zonula adherens aggregate with?
actin filaments
41
What does the macula adherens aggregate with?
intermediate filaments
42
What do gap junctions aggregate with?
protein channels
43
What enzyme seals off the intercellular space in tight junctions?
occludins
44
What enzyme seals off the intercellular space in anchoring junctions?
cadherins
45
How do anchoring junctions anchor the actin filaments?
actin filaments insert into plaques
46
What enzyme spot welds the intercellular space in desmosomes?
desmogleins | desmocollin
47
What are hemidesmosomes?
anchors cell to basal lamina
48
What are the two layers of the basal lamina?
lamina lucida | lamina dense
49
What type of collagen is found in the basal lamina?
type 4 collagen
50
What type of collagen is found in the reticular lamina?
type 3 collagen (reticular fibers)
51
What are the two types of exocrine gland?
unicellular and multicellular
52
What is the difference between the secretory process for unicellular and multicellular glands?
unicellular glands secrete directly into the lumen multicellular gland secretions are carried by ducts
53
What are the most common type of unicellular gland?
Goblet cells
54
What are the two types of secretory products for exocrine glands?
mucous | serous
55
What is the consistency of mucous vs serous secretions?
thick vs watery
56
What is the primary molecule of mucous vs serous secretions?
glycoproteins (mucins) vs enzymes (zymogen granules)
57
Which has stronger cytoplasmic staining: mucous or serous glands)
serous because the basal cytoplasm is basophilic
58
Where are the nuclei located in mucous gland cells?
peripherally
59
Where are the nuclei located in serous gland cells?
centrally
60
What are the three modes of secretion?
merocrine/eccrine apocrine holocrine
61
What is the most common mode of secretion?
merocrine
62
How do merocrine glands work?
they secrete from the cell
63
Where are merocrine glands most commonly found?
pancreas pituitary gland eccrine sweat gland
64
How do apocrine glands work?
secrete through vesicles
65
Where are apocrine glands most commonly found?
mammary glands | apocrine sweat glands
66
How do holocrine glands work?
destroys the cell to release the contents
67
Where are holocrine glands most commonly found?
sebaceous glands of the skin
68
What are intercalated ducts?
small ducts that drain individual secretory units
69
What are striated ducts?
larger intercalated ducts that have basal infolding to concentrate secretions

Exam 1 (8 decks)

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