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Exam 1 > Epithelium > Flashcards

Epithelium Flashcards

FOM 1, Exam 1, Lecture 7

1
Q

What are the three functions of epithelium?

A

chemical exchange
homeostasis
absorption/secretion

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2
Q

Where is endothelium found?

A

blood vessels and lymph vessels

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3
Q

Where is mesothelium found?

A

peritoneal (abdominal wall) and serous cavities

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4
Q

What is the intraperitoneal layer called?

A

serosa

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5
Q

What is the retroperitoneal layer called?

A

adventitia

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6
Q

Where is myoepithelium found?

A

muscle and glands

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7
Q

Where is neuroepithelium found?

A

taste buds (sensory information)

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8
Q

Where is simple squamous epithelium found?

A

blood vessels
body cavities
parietal layer of renal corpuscles

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9
Q

Where is simple cuboidal epithelium found?

A

kidney tubules
small ducts of glands
free surface of ovary

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10
Q

Where is simple columnar epithelium found?

A

GI tract
uterus
large ducts of some glands

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11
Q

Where is stratified squamous epithelium found?

A 
skin (keratinized)
mucous membranes (non-keratinized)
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12
Q

Where is stratified cuboidal epithelium found?

A

larger ducts of sweat glands

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13
Q

Where is stratified columnar epithelium found?

A

larger ducts of mammary glands, salivary glands, and exocrine glands

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14
Q

Where is transition epithelium found?

A

urinary passages

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15
Q

Where is pseudostratified columnar epithelium found?

A

respiratory tract

epididymis

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16
Q

What are the four apical specializations of epithelium?

A

microvilli
stereocilia
cilia
flagella

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17
Q

What are microvilli comprised of?

A

folds of cell membranes

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18
Q

What are sterocilia comprised of?

A

bunches of actin filaments

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19
Q

What are cilia comprised of?

A

hair-like structures

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20
Q

Where is flagella found?

A

sperm

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21
Q

Where is microvilli found?

A

small intestine

proximal renal tubule

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22
Q

Where is stereocilia found?

A

Organ of Corti (ear)

epididymis

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23
Q

Which apical specializations are non-motile?

A

microvilli

stereocilia

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24
Q

Which apical specializations are motile?

A

cilia

flagella

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25
Q

What is the purpose of microvilli?

A

increase surface area for absorption

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26
Q

What is the purpose of stereocilia in the ear?

A

hearing/balance

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27
Q

What is the purpose of stereocilia in the epididymis?

A

absorption

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28
Q

What is the purpose of cilia and flagella?

A

propulsion

29
Q

What is the core of microvilli?

30
Q

What is the function of spectrin?

A

stabilize the actin filaments to anchor them to the cytoplasm

31
Q

What is the core of cilia?

A

9 + 2 microtubules

32
Q

What are the microtubules in cilia anchored to?

A

basal bodies

33
Q

How are the microtubules in cilia connected to one another in a circle?

A

nexin connects the radial tubules

34
Q

What is the function of dynein in cilia?

A

hydrolyze ATP and slide to cause movement

35
Q

What are the four lateral zones of epithelium?

A

zonula occludens
zonula adherens
macula adherens
gap junctions

36
Q

What is the zonula occludens also known as?

A

tight junctions

37
Q

What is the zonula adherens also known as?

A

anchoring junctions

38
Q

What is the macula adherens also known as?

A

desmosomes

39
Q

What does the zonula occludens aggregate with?

A

actin filaments

40
Q

What does the zonula adherens aggregate with?

A

actin filaments

41
Q

What does the macula adherens aggregate with?

A

intermediate filaments

42
Q

What do gap junctions aggregate with?

A

protein channels

43
Q

What enzyme seals off the intercellular space in tight junctions?

44
Q

What enzyme seals off the intercellular space in anchoring junctions?

45
Q

How do anchoring junctions anchor the actin filaments?

A

actin filaments insert into plaques

46
Q

What enzyme spot welds the intercellular space in desmosomes?

A

desmogleins

desmocollin

47
Q

What are hemidesmosomes?

A

anchors cell to basal lamina

48
Q

What are the two layers of the basal lamina?

A

lamina lucida

lamina dense

49
Q

What type of collagen is found in the basal lamina?

A

type 4 collagen

50
Q

What type of collagen is found in the reticular lamina?

A

type 3 collagen (reticular fibers)

51
Q

What are the two types of exocrine gland?

A

unicellular and multicellular

52
Q

What is the difference between the secretory process for unicellular and multicellular glands?

A

unicellular glands secrete directly into the lumen

multicellular gland secretions are carried by ducts

53
Q

What are the most common type of unicellular gland?

A

Goblet cells

54
Q

What are the two types of secretory products for exocrine glands?

A

mucous

serous

55
Q

What is the consistency of mucous vs serous secretions?

A

thick vs watery

56
Q

What is the primary molecule of mucous vs serous secretions?

A

glycoproteins (mucins) vs enzymes (zymogen granules)

57
Q

Which has stronger cytoplasmic staining: mucous or serous glands)

A

serous because the basal cytoplasm is basophilic

58
Q

Where are the nuclei located in mucous gland cells?

A

peripherally

59
Q

Where are the nuclei located in serous gland cells?

60
Q

What are the three modes of secretion?

A

merocrine/eccrine
apocrine
holocrine

61
Q

What is the most common mode of secretion?

62
Q

How do merocrine glands work?

A

they secrete from the cell

63
Q

Where are merocrine glands most commonly found?

A

pancreas
pituitary gland
eccrine sweat gland

64
Q

How do apocrine glands work?

A

secrete through vesicles

65
Q

Where are apocrine glands most commonly found?

A

mammary glands

apocrine sweat glands

66
Q

How do holocrine glands work?

A

destroys the cell to release the contents

67
Q

Where are holocrine glands most commonly found?

A

sebaceous glands of the skin

68
Q

What are intercalated ducts?

A

small ducts that drain individual secretory units

69
Q

What are striated ducts?

A

larger intercalated ducts that have basal infolding to concentrate secretions

Exam 1 (8 decks)

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