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A&P I > Epithelial Tissues > Flashcards

Epithelial Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three embryonic layers?

A

The ectoderm; the mesoderm; and the endoderm

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2
Q

What is the Ectoderm?

A

The outermost of three primary germ cell layers in the very early embryo

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3
Q

What is the Endoderm?

A

The innermost of three germ cell layers in the very early embryo

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4
Q

What is the Mesoderm?

A

The middle of the three primary germ cell layers of the early embryo

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5
Q

What are some examples of the tissues that grow out of the Endoderm?

A

Most of the alimentary canal; the respiratory tract; endocrine glands; urinary bladder and part of the urethra

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6
Q

What is a tissue?

A

a group of cells with common functions

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7
Q

What is an organ?

A

two or more tissues that work together to perform a particular function

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8
Q

What are the four categories of tissues?

A

Epithelial: connective: muscular: nervous

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9
Q

What are 6 characteristics of epithelial tissues?

A

cells are close together;form continous sheets;regenerative;avascular;free or apical surface; rest on a basement membrane

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10
Q

What are three traits of simple squamous cells?

A

flat; one layer; found where diffusion and filtration occur

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11
Q

What are three examples of tissues comprised of simple squamous cells

A

alveoli; capillaries; kidneys

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12
Q

What are 3 traits of simple cuboidal cells?

A

cube like; one layer; spherical nucleus; function in secretion and absorbtion

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13
Q

What are 4 traits of simple columnar cells?

A

column shapped; nucleous near base; may be ciliated; function in secretion and absorbtion

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14
Q

What are 4 traits of stratified squamous cells?

A

top layer flat or squamous; basal layers cuboidal or columnar and growing activly; found in areas that need proection

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15
Q

What are some examples of tissues comprised of stratified squamous cells?

A

skin; vagina; mouth; pharynx; esophagus; anal canal

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16
Q

What are 3 traits of stratified cuboidal cells?

A

Rare; usually only two layers; mostly in the ducts of larger glands

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17
Q

Where can stratified cuboidal cells be found in the body?

A

sweat glands, mammary glands

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18
Q

What are 3 traits of Stratified Columnar cells?

A

rare; usually only two layers; mostly in the ducts of larger glands; only apical layer is columnar

19
Q

Where can stratified columnar cells be found in the body?

A

portions of the pharynx; the male urethra; the junction between the two other types of epithelia; and the lining of some glandular ducts

20
Q

What are Pseudostratified Columnar cells?

A

a single layer of cells of differing heights; some cells not reaching the surface; nuclei seen at different levels; may be ciliated and have mucous secreting cells

21
Q

What are the functions of Pseudostratified columnar cells?

A

secretes substances; particularly mucus; propulsion of mucus by ciliary action

22
Q

What are some of the locations of ciliated Pseudostratified Columnar cells?

A

the trachea; upper respiratory tract

23
Q

What are some of the locations of non-ciliated Pseudostratified Columnar cells?

A

sperm carrying ducts and the ducts of other large glands

24
Q

What are some characteristics of transitional epithelium?

A

basal cells cuboidal or columnar; surface cells dome shaped or squamouslike depending on degree of organ stretch; resembles both stratified squamous and cuboidal

25
Q

Where can transitional epithelium be found in the body?

A

the lining of the ureters; bladder; and part of the urethra

26
Q

What is the function of transitional epithelium?

A

to stretch readily; especially useful for the bladder which must stretch to accommodate urine

27
Q

What is a gland?

A

one or more cells that secrete a particular product

28
Q

What is a secretion?

A

an aqueous fluid that usually contains proteins but can also contain lipids or steroids

29
Q

What is an endocrine gland?

A

a gland that produces hormones and secretes directly into the extracellular space

30
Q

What are ductless glands?

A

endocrine glands

31
Q

What are exocrine glands?

A

glands that secrete their products onto body surfaces or into body cavities

32
Q

What are some examples of unicellular exocrine glands?

A

mucous cells and goblet cells

33
Q

Where are most unicellular exocrine glands found?

A

in the epithelial linings of the intestinal and respiratory tracts

34
Q

What is mucin?

A

a complex glycoprotein that dissolves in water when secreted

35
Q

What is mucus?

A

a combination of mucin and water which serves to protect and lubricate surfaces

36
Q

What are the two basic components of multicellular exocrine glands?

A

the epithelium derived duct and the secretory unit

37
Q

What are the structural classifications of multicellular endocrine glands?

A

based on the duct type (simple or compound) and their secretory type (alveolar;tubular; or tubuloalveolar)

38
Q

What are simple glands?

A

glands which have an unbranched duct

39
Q

What are compound glands?

A

glands which have a branched duct

40
Q

What are tubular glands?

A

glands whose secretory cells form tubes

41
Q

What are alveolar glands

A

glands whose secretory cells form small flasklike sacs

42
Q

What is a synonym for alveolar?

A

acinar

43
Q

What are merocrine glands?

A

glands which secrete their products by exocytosis as they are produced

44
Q

What are holocrine glands?

A

glands which accumulate their products within them until they rupture

A&P I (7 decks)

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