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Human Anatomy & Physiology > Epithelial Tissue > Flashcards

Epithelial Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

What are the characteristics of epithelial cells?

A
  • Avascular
  • Have specialized junctions
  • Demonstrate polarity
  • Exhibit rapid cell turnover
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2
Q

What are the functions of Epithelial Cells?

A
  • Protection
  • Secretion of mucus, hormones & enzymes
  • Absorption of material
  • Selective Permeability
  • Transportation of particulates and mucus along surfaces
  • Sensory perception
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3
Q

What are the ways of classifying epithelium?

A
  • Cell shape and cell arrangement (layers)
  • Shape of the surface (top) layer of cells = second name
  • Additional descriptors used based on the presence of cell-surface modifications (cilia, keratin)
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4
Q

What does the second name describe of epithelial cells?

A

The shape of the surface of the cells.

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5
Q

Simple squamous epithelium

A

Single layer of flat cells

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6
Q

What is the function and location of Single Squamous Epithelium?

A
  • Exchange of gases, nutrients; barrier; lubrication
  • Lining of blood vessels (endothelium), lining of body cavities (mesothelium); lining of respiratory spaces in the lung.
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7
Q

Simple cuboidal epithelium

A

Single layer of cells of equal height and width

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8
Q

What is the function and location of Single Cuboidal Epithelium?

A
  • Absorption and secretion; protection

- Found in small ducts of exocrine glands; surface of ovary; kidney tubules; thyroid

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9
Q

Simple columnar epithelium

A
  • Single layer of cells taller than they are wide
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10
Q

What is the function and location of Single Columnar Epithelium?

A
  • Absorption and secretion; protection; lubrication

- Found in the lining of gastrointestinal system; lining of gallbladder, some large ducts

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11
Q

Stratified squamous epithelium

A

multiple layer of flat cells

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12
Q

What is the function and location of Stratified Squamous Epithelium?

A

Protection; secretion

Found in the epidermis, lining of oral cavity, esophagus, and vagina

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13
Q

Stratified cuboidal epithelium

A

-multiple layer of cuboidal cells

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14
Q

What is the function and location of Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium?

A

Absorption and secretion.

Found in sweat glands and ducts, larger ducts of exocrine glands

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15
Q

Stratified columnar epithelium

A

Multiple layers of tall cells.

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16
Q

What does Epithelial tissue consist of?

A

Epithelium consists of closely packed, flattened cells that make up the inside or outside lining of body areas. There is little intercellular material.

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17
Q

Epithelial tissue is avascular, what does that mean?

A

The tissue is _______, meaning without blood vessels. Nutrient and waste exchange occurs through neighboring connective tissues by diffusion.

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18
Q

Describe the surfaces of Epithelial Cells.

A

The upper surface of epithelium is free, or exposed to the outside of the body or to an internal body cavity. The basal surface rests on connective tissue. A thin, extracellular layer called the basement membrane forms between the epithelial and connective tissue.

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19
Q

What are the two types of Epithelial cells?

A
  1. Covering and lining epithelium covers the outside surfaces of the body and lines internal organs. 2. Glandular epithelium secretes hormones or other products.
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20
Q

Squamous cells are ____ (shape). The nucleus, located near the _____ _____, gives these cells the appearance of a fried egg.

A

_______ ______ are flat. The ______, located near the upper surface, gives these cells the appearance of a fried egg.

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21
Q

Cuboidal cells are __________ with a central, round nucleus. These cells produce secretions (sweat, for example) or absorb substances such as digested food.

A

Cuboidal cells are cube- or hexagon-shaped with a central, round nucleus. These cells produce ________ (______, for example) or absorb substances such as _____ ______.

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22
Q

Columnar cells are ____ with an ____ nucleus near the ______ ______. These thick cells serve to ______ _______ ______ or may function to ______ _______. Some have microvilli, minute surface extensions, to increase surface area for absorbing substances, while others may have cilia that help move substances over their surface (such as mucus through the respiratory tract).

A

Columnar cells are tall with an oval nucleus near the basement membrane. These thick cells serve to protect underlying tissues or may function to absorb substances. Some have _______, minute surface extensions, to _______ ______ ______for absorbing substances, while others may have ____ that help move substances over their surface (such as mucus through the respiratory tract).

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23
Q

Transitional cells range from ____ to ____ cells that can _____ or ______ in response to body movement.

A

_______ cells range from flat to tall cells that can extend or compress in response to body movement.

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24
Q

______ _________ describes a single layer of cells.

A

Simple epithelium describes a ______ layer of cells.

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25
Q

______ epithelium describes epithelium consisting of multiple layers.

A

Stratified epithelium describes epithelium consisting of _____ _______.

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26
Q

___________ epithelium describes a single layer of cells of different sizes, giving the appearance of being multilayered.

A

Pseudostratified epithelium describes a ____ ____ of cells of different sizes, giving the appearance of being __________.

27
Q

Glandular epithelium forms two kinds of glands, what are they?

A

Endocrine glands and exocrine glands.

28
Q

_________ glands secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream.

A

Endocrine glands _______ _______ directly into the bloodstream.

29
Q

_________ glands secrete their substances into tubes, or ducts, which carry the secretions to the epithelial surface.

A

Exocrine glands ______ their substances into _____, or ____, which carry the secretions to the epithelial surface.

30
Q

Unicellular or multicellular describes a single-celled gland or a gland made of many cells, respectively.

A

A multicellular gland consists of a group of secretory cells and a duct through which the secretions pass as they exit the gland.

31
Q

__________ refers to the branching arrangement of secretory cells in the gland.

A

Branched

32
Q

______ or _______ refers to whether the duct of the gland (not the secretory portion) does or does not branch, respectively.

A

Simple or compound

33
Q

______ describes a gland whose secretory cells form a tube, while alveolar (or acinar) describes secretory cells that form a bulblike sac.

A

Tubular

34
Q

A group of organized __________ working together forms __________. An organized group of the latter work together to form __________.

A

cells; tissue; organs

35
Q

Which of the following tissue types make up the inside or outside lining of something?

A

epithelial

36
Q

Which of these types of tissue consists of cells that are arranged so closely together that there is very little intercellular material?

A

epithelial

37
Q

If you observe a layer of columnar cells of varying heights, they would be called __________ columnar cells.

A

pseudostratified

38
Q

An epithelial membrane consists of __________ tissue.

A

epithelial and connective

39
Q

The epithelial membrane that lines the body cavities that are exposed to the outside of the body is called a __________ membrane.

A

mucous

40
Q

The actual cell breaks away in order to release its products.

A

apocrine glande

41
Q

Examples of Merocrine Glands

A

Sweat Glands, salivary, pancreatic

42
Q

Merocrine glands _________ something, putting it in a vesicle and _______ it. They are typical ________ glands.

A

_______ Glands synthesize something, putting it in a vesicle and releasing it. They are typical Exocrine glands.

43
Q

_______ Gland - secretes and accumulates a substance until it bursts (like a _______).

A

Holocrine Gland - ______ and ______ a substance until it _____ (like a ballon).

44
Q

__________ Gland - substance gland that bursts but then repairs itself (still researching, possibly found in ________ gland)

A

Apocrine Gland - substance gland that _______ but then _____ ______ (still researching, possibly found in mammary gland)

45
Q

_______ _________ tissue is found in the KIDNEY tubules.

A

Simple Cuboidal tissue is found in the _______ ________.

46
Q

______ ______ produces mucous and is found in the inside _____ of _____ ______.

A

Simple columnar produces ______ and is found in the inside lining of digestive tract.

47
Q

______ ______ is rare and found in the epigladis and urethra.

A

Stratified columnar is rare and found in the _____ and ________.

48
Q

A ________ ________ ________ ________ can be referred to as PSCCE and it is found in the upper respiratory (trachea).

A

A pseudo stratified ciliated columnar can be referred to as _______ and it is found in the _____ __________ (______).

49
Q

Apical surfaces can be modified in two ways:

A
  1. Cilia attachment (hair like); 2. Microbilli (finger like).
50
Q

______ ________ is thin and flat and there are two types: _________ (chambers of the heart and blood vessels) and ___________ (hest walls, abdominal cavity).

A

Simple squamous is _____ and ______ and there are two types: Endothelium (_____ _____ __ _______ ______) and Mesothelium (____ ____, _____ _______).

51
Q

Stratified Squamous (Keratinized) is found in the _________.

A

_________ _________ (Keratinized) is found in the epidermis.

52
Q

Keratin

A

makes water proof

53
Q

Merocrine glands _________ something, putting it in a vesicle and _______ it. They are typical ________ glands.

A

_______ Glands synthesize something, putting it in a vesicle and releasing it. They are typical Exocrine glands.

54
Q

_______ Gland - secretes and accumulates a substance until it bursts (like a _______).

A

Holocrine Gland - ______ and ______ a substance until it _____ (like a ballon).

55
Q

__________ Gland - substance gland that bursts but then repairs itself (still researching, possibly found in ________ gland)

A

Apocrine Gland - substance gland that _______ but then _____ ______ (still researching, possibly found in mammary gland)

56
Q

_______ _________ tissue is found in the KIDNEY tubules.

A

Simple Cuboidal tissue is found in the _______ ________.

57
Q

______ ______ produces mucous and is found in the inside _____ of _____ ______.

A

Simple columnar produces ______ and is found in the inside lining of digestive tract.

58
Q

______ ______ is rare and found in the epigladis and urethra.

A

Stratified columnar is rare and found in the _____ and ________.

59
Q

A ________ ________ ________ ________ can be referred to as PSCCE and it is found in the upper respiratory (trachea).

A

A pseudo stratified ciliated columnar can be referred to as _______ and it is found in the _____ __________ (______).

60
Q

Apical surfaces can be modified in two ways:

A
  1. Cilia attachment (hair like); 2. Microbilli (finger like).
61
Q

______ ________ is thin and flat and there are two types: _________ (chambers of the heart and blood vessels) and ___________ (hest walls, abdominal cavity).

A

Simple squamous is _____ and ______ and there are two types: Endothelium (_____ _____ __ _______ ______) and Mesothelium (____ ____, _____ _______).

62
Q

Stratified Squamous (Keratinized) is found in the _________.

A

_________ _________ (Keratinized) is found in the epidermis.

63
Q

Keratin

A

makes water proof

Human Anatomy & Physiology (4 decks)

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