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s1 cell bio > epithelial tissue > Flashcards

epithelial tissue Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what are the 4 types of body tissues

A

epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous

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2
Q

what fills the spaces between cells

A

intercellular matrix

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3
Q

what is the function of connective tissue

A

supports and binds other tissues (bone, blood, lymph)

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4
Q

what is the function of epithelial tissue

A

provides a covering i.e skin, linings of the various passages inside the body

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5
Q

what is the function of muscle tissue

A

includes striated muscles that move the skeleton, and smooth muscles such as the muscles that surround the stomach

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6
Q

what is the function of nerve tissue

A

made of nerve cells and used to carry messages around the body

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7
Q

where can you find epithelial tissue

A

covering all body surfaces, lining body cavities and hollow organs and are the main tissue in glands

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8
Q

how are epithelial cells arranged

A

tightly packed with little intercellular matrix

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9
Q

what are epithelial cells connected to?

A

connective tissue via a non-cellular basement membrane

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10
Q

what is the basement membrane

A

thin, pliable sheet-like type of extracellular matrix which provides cell and tissue support. also acts as a platform for complex signaling. it sits between epithelial tissues such as mesothelium and endothelium and the underlying connective tissue

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11
Q

what are the three factors which classify epithelial cells

A

shape, stratification, specialisation

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12
Q

list the 4 shapes of epithelial cells

A

squamous, cuboidal, columnar, transitional

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13
Q

list the three types of stratification

A

simple, stratified, pseudostratified with cilia

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14
Q

describe the squamous shape

A

flat with an irregular flattened shape

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15
Q

describe the cuboidal shape

A

a cube shape, nuclei are in the centre

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16
Q

describe the columnar shape

A

taller than they are wide, nucleus closer to the base

17
Q

describe the transitional cells

A

cells that line organs that can stretch such as the bladder and uterus

18
Q

explain the simple stratification

A

single layer of cells

19
Q

explain the stratified stratification

A

more than one layer of cells, can withstand a lot of stress, only one layer touches the basement membrane

20
Q

explain the pseudostratified with cilia stratification

A

only a single layer of cells but the position of the nuclei gives the impression that it is stratified

21
Q

where are simple cuboidal epithelium found

A

glandular tissue and in the kidney tubules

22
Q

where are simple columnar epithelium found

A

stomach and intestines

23
Q

where are pseudostratified columnar epithelium found

A

lining the respiratory tract and some of the tubes in the male reproductive tract

24
Q

give three types of specialisations of epithelium

A

glandular, keratinised, cilated

25
Q

describe glandular epithelium

A

specialised to secrete and produce substances- two types, exocrine and endocrine

26
Q

what is an exocrine gland

A

a gland that discharges its secretion onto the surface of the epithelium

27
Q

what are the three types of exocrine gland?

A

merocrine gland, apocrine gland and holocine gland

28
Q

what is a merocrine gland

A

a gland that secretes substances by the plasma membrane resulting in the release of the secretion and loss of cell membrane, i.e sweat glands, salivary glands

29
Q

what is an apocrine gland

A

a gland that secretes a shedded portion of their cytoplasm i.e mammary glands

30
Q

what is a holocrine gland

A

glands that secrete by shedding entire cells from the lining of a duct, i.e sebaceous glands

31
Q

what is an endocrine gland?

A

releases secretions i.e hormones into surrounding tissues which then diffuse into the bloodstream for distribution to other regions of the body

32
Q

what are keratinised cells

A

contain keratin, found mostly in the skin bu also found in the mouth and nose providing a tough, impermeable barrier. they are flat and dead cells, with no nucleus or organelles

33
Q

what are ciliated cells

A

have apical plasma membrane extensions composed of micro-tubules capable of beating rhythmically to move mucus or substances through a duct. these are common in the respiratory tract and lining of the oviduct

s1 cell bio (8 decks)

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