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s1 cell bio > connective tissue > Flashcards

connective tissue Flashcards

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1
Q

what do all connective tissues have in common

A

cells, extracellular fibres and a fluid called ground substance

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2
Q

give 6 functions of connective tissues

A

provide structural framework for the body, transport substances from one region to another, provide protection for delicate organs, support + surround + interconnect other tissue types, store energy, defend the body from invasion by microorganisms

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3
Q

what is connective tissue proper

A

loose connective tissue and dense connective tissue (subdivided into dense regular and dense irregular). these are distinguished by the ratio of ground substance to fibrous tissue

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4
Q

give a brief description of the composition of connective tissue proper

A

contains fibres, viscous ground substance, fixed cells and wandering cells

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5
Q

what are fixed cells

A

stationary cells that are involved in local maintenance, repair, defense and energy storage

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6
Q

name the 4 types of fixed cells

A

fibroblasts, fixed macrophages, adipocytes, stem cells

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7
Q

what are fibroblasts

A

slender/star shaped cells that synthesise and secrete connective tissue fibres + hylauronic acid of ground substance

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8
Q

what are fixed macrophages

A

are scattered among fibres and phagocytose damaged cells and pathogens

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9
Q

what are adipocytes

A

these are fat cells consisting of a single enormous fat droplet and the number of them depends on the type of Connective Tissue (CT)

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10
Q

what are stem cells

A

cells which respond to injury or infection by dividing to produce daughter cells that differentiate into fibroblasts, macrophages or other CT cells

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11
Q

what are wandering cells

A

include free macrophages which are highly mobile, and mast cells

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12
Q

what are mast cells

A

found near blood vessels and are packed with histamine and heparin.

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13
Q

what does histamine do

A

increases blood flow to the area

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14
Q

what does heparin do

A

prevents blood clotting

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15
Q

what are the three basic types of fibre

A

collagen, reticular, elastic

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16
Q

what are the features of collagen

A

long straight unbranched, each fibre is a bundle of fibrils composed of protein collagen. the fibres are strong and stiff

17
Q

describe the structure of reticular fibres

A

these contain collagen fibrils interwoven into a tough flexible network

18
Q

describe the structure of elastic fibres

A

they contain protein elastin, they are branched and wavy, return to original length after being stretched

19
Q

write a note on areolar connective tissue

A

surrounds blood vessels, nerve bundles, muscles and organs. fills spaces between organs and connects skin to muscle

20
Q

write a note on adipose tissue

A

lipid rich (from adipocytes) connective tissue. comprises 20-25% of total body weight in healthy people. main function is to store energy as lipids/fat

21
Q

write a short note on reticular tissue

A

reticular fibres form a thin reticular network. these are found in diff tissues and support frameworks in the liver, lymphoid organs, capillary endothelia and muscle fibres

22
Q

write a note on dense regular connective tissue

A

collagen fibres are densely packed + parallel. found in ligaments and tendons

23
Q

write a note on dense irregular connective tissue

A

fibres are not parallel, and consists of mostly collagen fibres. has less ground substance than loose connective tissue

24
Q

what is the firm gel called that makes up the ground substance in cartilage

A

chondroitin

25
Q

what are chondrocytes

A

they are the only cells found in health cartilage and they are located in pockets called lacunae. they lack nerve fibres. they are avascular (obtain nutrients via diffusion through matrix)

26
Q

what are three types of cartilage

A

hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage

27
Q

what does avascular mean

A

that nutrients are obtained through diffusion through matrix

28
Q

write a note on hyaline cartilage

A

most abundant, contains a lot of collagen fibres. tough and slightly flexible. located connecting ribs to sternum, embryonic skeleton, covers the end of long bone, nose, trachea, pharynx

29
Q

write a note on elastic cartilage

A

contains a lot of elastic fibres, maintains the shape of a structure while allowing great flexibility. located in external ear, epiglottis, vocal chords

30
Q

write a short note on firbocartilage

A

has little matrix with a lot of collagen fibres. provides tensile strength with the ability to absorb compressive shock. located in intervertebral disks, bones of pelvis, disks of knee joint

s1 cell bio (8 decks)

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