Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Body Logistics- Aboli > Epithelial cells & surface specialisations > Flashcards

Epithelial cells & surface specialisations Flashcards

1
Q

What is epithelial tissue?

A

Sheets of contiguous cells of varied embryonic origin that cover external surfaces of the body and line internal surfaces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Functions of simple squamous epithelium (4 things)

A
  • Lubrication (mesothelium in serous membranes)
  • Gas exchange
  • Water, nutrient & waste product exchange
  • Barrier
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Locations of simple squamous epithelium as a barrier (5 things)

A
  • Bowman’s capsule
  • Skin
  • Oesophagus
  • Conjunctiva of eye
  • Brain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Simple cuboidal epithelium

A

A single layer of polygonal cells whose height and width are approximately equal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Functions of cuboidal epithelium (4 things)

A
  • Absorption & conduit (exocrine glands)
  • Absorption & secretion (kidney tubules)
  • Barrier/covering (ovary)
  • Hormone synthesis, storage & immobilisation (thyroid)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Simple columnar epithelium

A

A single layer of cells whose heights are significantly greater than their widths

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Functions of simple columnar epithelium (3 things)

A
  • Absorption
  • Secretion
  • Lubrication
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Locations of simple columnar epithelium (3 things)

A
  • Small intestine & colon (ASL)
  • Gall bladder (A)
  • Stomach and gastric glands (S)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Pseudostratified epithelia

A

All cells make contact with the basement membrane but not all reach the epithelial cell surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Functions of pseudostratified epithelium (3 things)

A
  • Secretion & conduit (RT and ductus deferens)
  • Mucus secretion
  • Particle trapping and removal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Locations of pseudostratified epithelium (3 things)

A
  • Lining of nasal cavity
  • Trachea
  • Bronchi
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Functions of goblet cells (2 things)

A
  • Release of mucins through exocytosis
  • Release of water increased by release of ions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Cystic fibrosis- which organs affected and how? (6 things)

A
  • Airways
  • Liver (bile ducts)
  • Pancreas (lack of zymogen secretions)
  • Small intestine (thick, non-motile stools)
  • Reproductive tracts (thick mucous plugs, absence of fine ducts)
  • Skin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Stratified squamous epithelium

A

Multiple layers of cells, the outer of which are thin squamous epithelial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Stratified squamous non-keratinised epithelium functions (2 things)

A
  • Protection against abrasion
  • Reduces water loss but stays moist
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Stratified squamous non-keratinised epithelium locations (6 things)

A
  • Oral cavity
  • Oesophagus
  • Vagina
  • Part of anal canal
  • Surface of cornea
  • Inner surface of eyelid
17
Q

Stratified squamous keratinised epithelium

A

Outermost layer is dead cells with no nuclei (stratum corneum)

18
Q

Stratified squamous keratinised epithelium functions (4 things)

A
  • Protection against abrasion & physical trauma
  • Water loss prevention
  • Microbial ingress prevention
  • Shielding against UV damage
19
Q

Stratified squamous keratinised epithelium locations (2 things)

A
  • Surface of skin
  • Limited distribution in oral cavity
20
Q

Transitional epithelium (urothelium)

A

Surface cells vary in shape from columnar/cuboidal to flattened

21
Q

Functions of urothelium (2 things)

A
  • Distensibility
  • Protection of underlying tissues from toxin chemicals
22
Q

Stratified columnar epithelium locations (4 things)

A
  • Conjunctiva of eye
  • Urethra of penis
  • Oesophageal glands
  • Intralobular ducts of salivary glands
23
Q

What are serous membranes?

A

Thin 2 part membranes which line certain closed body cavities and envelope the viscera

24
Q

What do serous membranes line and what is their function?

A

They line the peritoneum, pleural sacs and pericardium and excude a lubricating fluid that promotes relatively friction-free movement

25
Q

What do serous membranes consist of (3 things)?

A
  • Mesothelium (simple squamous) that excudes the fluid
  • Thin layer of connective tissue that attaches mesothelium to adjacent tissue
  • Vascular
26
Q

Club cells

A

On airway side of terminal bronchioles, have club like apical surfaces and no cilia or basal bodies

27
Q

Functions of club cells (3 things)

A
  • Protect bronchiolar epithelium
  • Detoxification of harmful substances inhaled into lungs
  • Act as a stem cell to regenerate bronchiolar epithelium
28
Q

Microfold cells (3 things)

A
  • Found in small intestine and very close to lymphatic nodules
  • Folded extension that samples lumen by endocytosis
  • Many pathogens exploit it as a portal of entry
29
Q

Functions of microfold cells (3 things)

A
  • Trap pathogens and underlying molecules
  • Present to underlying dendritic cells that process material
  • Present to lymphocytes and macrophages in basal pockets not linked to basement membrane (APC)
30
Q

Functions of stereocilia (3 things)

A
  • Inner ear: mechanosensing organelles of hair cells responding to fluid, motion and balance
  • Epididymis & vas deferens: facilitate absorption of residual sperm body
  • Contain actin and myosin filaments so could be involved in sperm movement?
31
Q

Cell renewal rates- early stage (3 things)

A
  • Normal mucus layer thickens
  • Cilia die off
  • Ciliagenesis
32
Q

Cell renewal rates- chronic stage (4 things)

A
  • Goblet and basal cells proliferate
  • Club cells (metaplasia) or die
  • Carcinogens induce mutations and malignancy
  • Pneumocytes in alveoli die (fibroblasts lay down scar tissue, remaining type II proliferate)
33
Q

Acute bronchitis (3 things)

A
  • Cough and mucus production (narrowing of lung airways)
  • Breathlessness less than 3 months (inflammation)
  • Later stage: increased risk of respiratory diseases
34
Q

Chronic bronchitis (2 things)

A
  • Chronic inflammation more than 3 months or more during a 2 year period
  • Start of irreparable damages to bronchioles and alveoli
35
Q

Emphysema (4 things)

A
  • Shortness of breath
  • Permanent widening of airspaces distal to terminal bronchiole without fibrosis (destruction of air sacs)
  • Damage to air sacs
  • Loss of recoil and permanent changes to size of alveoli
36
Q

What is COPD?

A

Umbrella condition that includes both emphysema and chronic bronchitis

37
Q

Asthma (6 things)

A
  • Wheeze, shortness of breath, chest tightness & cough
  • Variable expiratory airflow limitation
  • Often has a trigger
  • Bronchospasm (tightening of smooth muscle)
  • Obstruction from mucus
  • Narrowing of conducting airways

Body Logistics- Aboli (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions