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Body Logistics- Aboli > Connective tissue (proper) > Flashcards

Connective tissue (proper) Flashcards

1
Q

What is connective tissue made up of (3 components)?

A
  • Cells
  • Fibres
  • Ground substance (e.g. proteoglycans)
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2
Q

What is the extracellular matrix made up of?

A

Ground substance and fibres

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3
Q

Structure/function of CT (6 things)

A
  • Binding & supporting
  • Protecting
  • Insulating
  • Storing reserve fuel and cells
  • Transporting substances within the body (blood & interstitium)
  • Separation of tissues
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4
Q

Loose CT key points (4 things)

A
  • Contains multiple cell types
  • Fibroblast, macrophages, WBC, mast cells, adipocytes
  • Contains collagenous and elastic fibres
  • Gel-like ground substance (e.g. hyaluronic acid)
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5
Q

Functions of loose CT/areolar tissue (6 things)

A
  • Holds vessels that supply fluids
  • Permits cell migration
  • Involved in inflammation pathways
  • Acts as packaging around organs
  • Generally holds everything in place
  • Cushions & stabilises organs
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6
Q

Fibroblasts key points (5 things)

A
  • Synthesise & secrete fibres that lie within ground substance
  • Very important in wound healing process
  • Primarily responsible for scar tissue formation
  • Myofibroblasts contain actin and myosin
  • Responsible for wound contraction when tissue loss occurred
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7
Q

What are macrophages?

A

Professional APCs- they move into loose CT

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8
Q

Mast cells key points (5 things)

A
  • Histamine (increases blood vessel wall permeability)
  • Heparin (anticoagulant)
  • Cytokines (signalling)
  • Absent from CNS to avoid damaging effects of oedema
  • Become coated with IgE, which specifically bind allergens (rapidly releases granules after cross link binding)
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9
Q

Unilocular adipocytes key points (5 things)

A
  • White adipocytes
  • Single large lipid droplets
  • Cytoplasm and all organelles squeezed to one side of cell
  • Padding and shock absorber
  • Insulation and energy reserve
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10
Q

Multilocular adipocytes key points (6 things)

A
  • Brown adipocytes
  • Very few in adults
  • Multiple small lipid droplets
  • Cytoplasm and organelles all squeezed to centre of cell
  • Provides insulation and energy reserve
  • Increased no. mitochondria
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11
Q

Type I collagen (3 things)

A
  • Most widely distributed
  • Fibrils aggregate into fibres and fibre bundles
  • Tendons, capsules of organs, skin dermis
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12
Q

Type II collagen (2 things)

A
  • Fibrils don’t form fibres
  • Hyaline and elastic cartilage
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13
Q

Type III collagen (3 things)

A
  • Fibrils form fibres
  • Around muscle & nerve cells, lymphatic tissues, lymphatic organs, tendons
  • Called reticulin
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14
Q

Type IV collagen (2 things)

A
  • Unique form present in basement membrane
  • Considered of epithelial tissue
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15
Q

What is absent in areolar tissue?

A

Reticulin

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16
Q

Loose CT location (4 things)

A
  • Beneath epithelia
  • Associated with epithelium of glands
  • Around small blood vessels
  • Can swell then return to original size
17
Q

What is ground substance (5 things)?

A
  • Viscous clear substance with slippery feel (lots of water)
  • Composed of proteoglycans
  • Large macromolecules to which GAGs are covalently bound
  • GAGs attract water to form a hydrated gel
  • A unique GAG is hyaluronic acid (in cartilage)
18
Q

Proteoglycan structure (4 things)

A
  • Hyaluronate is key
  • GAGs attached to core proteins
  • In turn these are attached to the hyaluronate
  • The sugar moieties attract water but make ground substance sticky and slippery too
19
Q

The myotendinous junction key points (3 things)

A
  • Skeletal muscle fibres connecting with tendon collagen bundles here provides tremendous physiological strength
  • Collagen interacts with collagen fibres coating the muscle fibres
  • Cross-links between these fibres results in mechanical strength
20
Q

Tendon anatomy (3 things)

A
  • Very strong
  • Forces can be transmitted along collagen bundles as they can glide over each other
  • Mainly made of water
21
Q

Irregular dense CT (4 things)

A
  • Contains fibroblasts
  • Collagen I fibres in all directions
  • Resists stress in all directions
  • Deep layer of dermis and submucosa of intestine
22
Q

Regular dense CT (4 things)

A
  • Contains fibroblasts
  • Collagen I fibres in parallel
  • Resist stress in only one direction
  • Tendons, ligaments, aponeuroses
23
Q

Ligaments key points (4 things)

A
  • Connect bone to bone
  • Parallel collagen fibres
  • Not straight but undulate
  • Wrapped in loose CT (fascicles)
24
Q

3 types of fascia (name based on anatomical position)

A
  • Superficial
  • Deep
  • Visceral/parietal
25
Q

Fascia key points (3 things)

A
  • Fibrous CT containing closely packed bundles of collagen fibres
  • Flexible and can resist unidirectional tension forces
  • Straightens out wavy pattern of fibres
26
Q

Collagen fibril production (3 things)

A
  • Vitamin C needed for intracellular production of procollagen where it hydroxylates proline & lysine
  • Lack of disrupts collagen formation
  • Poor wound healing and impaired bone formation
27
Q

Scurvy symptoms (6 things)

A
  • Gum disease and tooth loss
  • Bruising of skin and hair loss
  • Bleeding
  • Poor wound healing
  • Weakness and fatigue
  • Impaired bone development in young
28
Q

Marfan’s syndrome key points (4 things)

A
  • Autosomal dominant disorder
  • Expression of fibrillin 1 gene affected so elastic tissue abnormal
  • Abnormally tall, arachnodactyly, frequent joint dislocation, risk of catastrophic aortic rupture
  • Wingspan greater than height
29
Q

Locations where elastin fibres have an important role (4 things)

A
  • Dermis
  • Artery walls
  • Lungs
  • Sites bearing elastic cartilage
30
Q

What is osteogenesis imperfecta (3 things)?

A
  • “Brittle bone disease”
  • Mild to severe
  • Mutated collagen fibres that don’t knit together, not enough produced or both
31
Q

Symptoms of osteogenesis imperfecta (6 things)

A
  • Weakened bones
  • Short stature (depends on type)
  • Presence of blue sclera
  • Hearing loss
  • Hypermobility & flat/arched feet
  • Poor teeth development
32
Q

Mucoid CT key points (5 things)

A
  • Immature fibroblasts
  • Thin collagen fibres
  • Jelly-like ground substance (hyaluronic acid)
  • Umibilical cord
  • Vitreous humour of eye

Body Logistics- Aboli (6 decks)

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