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Oral Path (residency) > Epithelial > Flashcards

Epithelial Flashcards

1
Q

Traumatic lesion breaking the epidermis and causing a red linear mark (ie a deep scratch); often self-inflected

A

excoriation

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2
Q

flat, circumscribed area, 5mm or less in diameter, distinguished from surrounding skin by coloration. if greater than 5 mm, referred to as a nodule

A

macule

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3
Q

elevated dome-shaped lesion 5mm or less in diameter. if greater than 5mm in diameter, referred to as a nodule

A

papule

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4
Q

elevated flat-topped lesion, usually greater than 5mm in diameter

A

plaque

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5
Q

pedunculated or polypoid elevated lesion, base often smaller than body of lesion

A

polp

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6
Q

dry, horny, plate-like excrescence; usually the result of imperfect cornification

A

scale

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7
Q

fluid filled raised area 5mm or less in diameter. if greater than 5mm in diameter, referred to as a bulla

A

vesicle

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8
Q

loss of intercellular adhesion of keratinocytes

A

acantholysis

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9
Q

diffuse epidermal hyperplasia

A

acanthosis

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10
Q

abnormal keratinization occurring prematurely within individual cells or groups of cells below the stratum granulosum

A

dyskeratosis

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11
Q

hyperplasia of stratum corneum, often associated with a qualitative abnormality of keratin

A

hyperkeratosis

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12
Q

surface elevation caused by hyperplasia and enlargement of dermal papillae

A

papillomatosis

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13
Q

keratinization characterized by retention of the nuclei in the stratum corneum. on squamous mucosal membranes, such as buccal mucosa, is normal

A

parakeratosis

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14
Q

intercellular edema of the epidermis

A

spongiosis

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15
Q

common chronic imflammatory skin condition affecting 2-3% of the population; immunologic process; CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell mediated disease characterized by an increase in the proliferative activity of keratinocytes; often induced by local trauma (Koebner phenomenon) or inflammatory process that goes awry

A

psoriasis

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16
Q

can affect all ages; lesions often waxing and waning during the summer; skin of the elbow, knees, scalp, lumbosacral areas, intergluteal cleft commonly involved; well-dermarcated, pink to salmon-colored plaque covered by loosely adherent scale that is characteristically silver white in color; when scale is removed it gives rise to multiple punctate bleeding points (Auspitz sign)

A

psoriasis

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17
Q

can affect fingernails and toenails, causing pitting, abnormal nail growth and discoloration; nails may become loose and separate from the nail bed (onycholysis). severe cases may cause the nail to crumble; oral lesions are uncommon (benign migratory glossitis)

A

psoriasis

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18
Q

munro abscesses (in the stratum corneum of the epidermis due to the infiltration of neutrophils from papillary dermis into the epidermal stratum corneum

A

psoriasis

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19
Q

etiologically related to HPV (usually 6 and 11); occur at any site but tongue and soft palate commonly affected; soft, painless, typically pedunculated and has a papillary or verrucoid (cauliflower) surface; light pink, white, or same color as adjacent mucosa; typically solitary

A

squamous papilloma

20
Q

papillary, “cauliflower-like” hyperparakeratotic proliferation of epithelium; individual finger-like fronds are supported by a fibrovascular core; viral cytopathic effect evident in the epithelium-koilocytes

A

squamous papilloma

21
Q

benign lesions associated with HPV, most often affecting children and adolescents; typically a benign skin lesion induced by HPV (subtypes 2,4); contagious; generally self-limited

A

verruca vulgaris (common wart)

22
Q

dysregulated epidermal cell growth with increased survival; different kinds are identified on the basis of their gross appearance and location and generally are caused by distinct HPV subtypes; variable in color but typically white

A

verruca vulgaris

23
Q

papillary, hyperkeratotic proliferation of epithelium; course keratohyaline granules and koilocytes; rete ridges appear to converge toweard the center of the lesion

A

verruca vulgaris

24
Q

“venereal warts”; caused by several types of HPV (2,6,11,16,18); typically genital; oral lesions: multiple, sessile, cauliflower surface, often greater than 1 cm in size; associated with squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix

A

condyloma acuminatum

25
Q

a “self healing” variant of squamous cell carcinoma; self-limiting hyperplasia of epithelium with a papillary/verrucous clinical appearance, bland cytomorphology, “pushing” border, and a good prognosis; males more affected; average age is >45; associated with sun damage

A

keratoacanthoma

26
Q

significantly more common on skin that intraorally; oral usually confined to vermilion of lip; rapid enlargement is typical; Ferguson Smith type (multiple lesions seen early in life); Grzybowski type (hundreds of papules on skin and upper digestive tract, associated with internal malignancy)

A

keratoacanthoma

27
Q

exo-endophytic lesion w/ central keratin plug filled crater; overall symmetrical appearance due to “buttressing” at edges of lesion

A

keratoacanthoma

28
Q

common pigmented epidermal tumors occurring most frequently in middle-age or older persons; spontaneous and numerous on the trunk, although the extremities, head and neck also may be sites of involvement; unknown etiology (correlated with sun); may be hereditary; hundreds of lesions may appear suddenly as a paraneoplastic syndrome (sign of Lesser-Trelat)

A

seborrheic keratosis

29
Q

exclusively a skin lesion (face, trunk, extremities); round, exophytic tan to brown, roughened plaques; “stuck on” appearance; except for cosmetic concerns, they are usually of little clinical importance

A

seborrheic keratosis

30
Q

exophytic, papillary proliferation of monotonous sheets of basaloid cells; horn cysts (keratin-filled inclusions) and pseudo-horn cysts; variable amounts of melanin pigmentation is present

A

seborrheic keratosis

31
Q

common premalignant lesion of skin or lip; secondary to cumulative sun exposure; >40years, particularly fair-skinned individuals; face, dorsum of hands, scalp; irregular scaly plaques of variable color, develop slowly; rough “sandpaper” feel

A

actinic keratosis

32
Q

most common cancer in humans; extremely low grade cutaneous malignancy secondary to chronic sun exposure or genetic mutation; tumor cells arise from the basal cell layer of skin and appendages; fair complexioned individuals, generally >40 years of age; most common location is middle third of face

A

basal cell carcinoma

33
Q

basaloid cells in islands, strands and nests that arise from the basal layer of the epithelium and penetrate the underlying connective tissue; distinct peripheral palisading and stromal retraction

A

basal cell carcinoma

34
Q

benign acquired pigmentation of the oral mucosa characterized by dendritic melanocytes dispersed throughout the thickness of the epithelium; oral lesion seen almost exclusively in blacks with female predilection; most common in third and fourth decades; buccal mucosa most common site of involvement with lesions presenting as a well demarcated, smooth macule or slightly elevated plaque with a relatively uniform dark-brown to black color

A

melanoacanthoma

35
Q

a relatively rapid increase in size over a period of a few weeks; may develop a synchronous _ on the contralateral buccal mucosa

A

melanoacanthoma

36
Q

benign proliferation of melanocytes; acquired or congenital; majority appear during first 2 decades of life; females more than males; majority have an activating mutation in the BRAF gene

A

acquired melanocytic nevus

37
Q

tan-to-brown, uniformly pigmented, small papules with well-defined, rounded borders; intraoral are uncommon; proliferation of nevus cells that vary in morphology depending upon their depth, superficially arranged in theques

A

acquired melanocytic nevus

38
Q

Proliferation of nevus cell confined to the basal layer of epithelium

A

junctional nevus

39
Q

Proliferation of nevus cell seen in both the basal layer of epithelium and in the underlying dermis

A

compound nevus

40
Q

proliferation of nevus cell confined to the underlying dermis

A

intradermal nevus

41
Q

benign hyperpigmentation of the mucous membranes; increase in focal melanin deposition w/o increase in number of melanocytes; most commonly on the vermilion border; can be found on the gingiva or palate; if multiple consider Peutz-Jeghers syndrome

A

oral melanotic macule

42
Q

lesions are brown to tan in color and smaller than 1 cm, well-demarcated border; women more than men; average age is 40 years

A

oral melanotic macule

43
Q

Proliferation of benign melanocytes within the deep subepithelial connective tissue; slate blue to blue black lesion; Tyndall effect; 2nd most common intraoral pigmented lesion with palate being a common location; buccal 2nd most common locale; more in females

A

blue nevus

44
Q

highly aggressive malignant neoplasm; less common but more deadly than basal or squamous cell carcinoma; may arise from preexisting benign melanocytic lesions or from skin subject to a history of acute solar damage; white adults; aged 50-55 most common

A

melanoma

45
Q

rapid enlargement or change in color of a preexisting nevus; itching or pain in a lesion; ABCDE’s; 3rd most common skin cancer; oral is rare in US; atypical melanocytes along the basal epithelial layer (lateral growth phase); vertical growth begins as these cells invade the connective tissue

A

melanoma

Oral Path (residency) (6 decks)

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