Epithelial

Question 1

Traumatic lesion breaking the epidermis and causing a red linear mark (ie a deep scratch); often self-inflected

Answer 1

excoriation

Question 2

flat, circumscribed area, 5mm or less in diameter, distinguished from surrounding skin by coloration. if greater than 5 mm, referred to as a nodule

Answer 2

macule

Question 3

elevated dome-shaped lesion 5mm or less in diameter. if greater than 5mm in diameter, referred to as a nodule

Answer 3

papule

Question 4

elevated flat-topped lesion, usually greater than 5mm in diameter

Answer 4

plaque

Question 5

pedunculated or polypoid elevated lesion, base often smaller than body of lesion

Answer 5

polp

Question 6

dry, horny, plate-like excrescence; usually the result of imperfect cornification

Answer 6

scale

Question 7

fluid filled raised area 5mm or less in diameter. if greater than 5mm in diameter, referred to as a bulla

Answer 7

vesicle

Question 8

loss of intercellular adhesion of keratinocytes

Answer 8

acantholysis

Question 9

diffuse epidermal hyperplasia

Answer 9

acanthosis

Question 10

abnormal keratinization occurring prematurely within individual cells or groups of cells below the stratum granulosum

Answer 10

dyskeratosis

Question 11

hyperplasia of stratum corneum, often associated with a qualitative abnormality of keratin

Answer 11

hyperkeratosis

Question 12

surface elevation caused by hyperplasia and enlargement of dermal papillae

Answer 12

papillomatosis

Question 13

keratinization characterized by retention of the nuclei in the stratum corneum. on squamous mucosal membranes, such as buccal mucosa, is normal

Answer 13

parakeratosis

Question 14

intercellular edema of the epidermis

Answer 14

spongiosis

Question 15

common chronic imflammatory skin condition affecting 2-3% of the population; immunologic process; CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell mediated disease characterized by an increase in the proliferative activity of keratinocytes; often induced by local trauma (Koebner phenomenon) or inflammatory process that goes awry

Answer 15

psoriasis

Question 16

can affect all ages; lesions often waxing and waning during the summer; skin of the elbow, knees, scalp, lumbosacral areas, intergluteal cleft commonly involved; well-dermarcated, pink to salmon-colored plaque covered by loosely adherent scale that is characteristically silver white in color; when scale is removed it gives rise to multiple punctate bleeding points (Auspitz sign)

Answer 16

psoriasis

Question 17

can affect fingernails and toenails, causing pitting, abnormal nail growth and discoloration; nails may become loose and separate from the nail bed (onycholysis). severe cases may cause the nail to crumble; oral lesions are uncommon (benign migratory glossitis)

Answer 17

psoriasis

Question 18

munro abscesses (in the stratum corneum of the epidermis due to the infiltration of neutrophils from papillary dermis into the epidermal stratum corneum

Answer 18

psoriasis

Question 19

etiologically related to HPV (usually 6 and 11); occur at any site but tongue and soft palate commonly affected; soft, painless, typically pedunculated and has a papillary or verrucoid (cauliflower) surface; light pink, white, or same color as adjacent mucosa; typically solitary

Answer 19

squamous papilloma

Question 20

papillary, “cauliflower-like” hyperparakeratotic proliferation of epithelium; individual finger-like fronds are supported by a fibrovascular core; viral cytopathic effect evident in the epithelium-koilocytes

Answer 20

squamous papilloma

Question 21

benign lesions associated with HPV, most often affecting children and adolescents; typically a benign skin lesion induced by HPV (subtypes 2,4); contagious; generally self-limited

Answer 21

verruca vulgaris (common wart)

Question 22

dysregulated epidermal cell growth with increased survival; different kinds are identified on the basis of their gross appearance and location and generally are caused by distinct HPV subtypes; variable in color but typically white

Answer 22

verruca vulgaris

Question 23

papillary, hyperkeratotic proliferation of epithelium; course keratohyaline granules and koilocytes; rete ridges appear to converge toweard the center of the lesion

Answer 23

verruca vulgaris

Question 24

“venereal warts”; caused by several types of HPV (2,6,11,16,18); typically genital; oral lesions: multiple, sessile, cauliflower surface, often greater than 1 cm in size; associated with squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix

Answer 24

condyloma acuminatum

Question 25

a "self healing" variant of squamous cell carcinoma; self-limiting hyperplasia of epithelium with a papillary/verrucous clinical appearance, bland cytomorphology, "pushing" border, and a good prognosis; males more affected; average age is >45; associated with sun damage

Answer 25

keratoacanthoma

Question 26

significantly more common on skin that intraorally; oral usually confined to vermilion of lip; rapid enlargement is typical; Ferguson Smith type (multiple lesions seen early in life); Grzybowski type (hundreds of papules on skin and upper digestive tract, associated with internal malignancy)

Answer 26

keratoacanthoma

Question 27

exo-endophytic lesion w/ central keratin plug filled crater; overall symmetrical appearance due to "buttressing" at edges of lesion

Answer 27

keratoacanthoma

Question 28

common pigmented epidermal tumors occurring most frequently in middle-age or older persons; spontaneous and numerous on the trunk, although the extremities, head and neck also may be sites of involvement; unknown etiology (correlated with sun); may be hereditary; hundreds of lesions may appear suddenly as a paraneoplastic syndrome (sign of Lesser-Trelat)

Answer 28

seborrheic keratosis

Question 29

exclusively a skin lesion (face, trunk, extremities); round, exophytic tan to brown, roughened plaques; "stuck on" appearance; except for cosmetic concerns, they are usually of little clinical importance

Answer 29

seborrheic keratosis

Question 30

exophytic, papillary proliferation of monotonous sheets of basaloid cells; horn cysts (keratin-filled inclusions) and pseudo-horn cysts; variable amounts of melanin pigmentation is present

Answer 30

seborrheic keratosis

Question 31

common premalignant lesion of skin or lip; secondary to cumulative sun exposure; >40years, particularly fair-skinned individuals; face, dorsum of hands, scalp; irregular scaly plaques of variable color, develop slowly; rough "sandpaper" feel

Answer 31

actinic keratosis

Question 32

most common cancer in humans; extremely low grade cutaneous malignancy secondary to chronic sun exposure or genetic mutation; tumor cells arise from the basal cell layer of skin and appendages; fair complexioned individuals, generally >40 years of age; most common location is middle third of face

Answer 32

basal cell carcinoma

Question 33

basaloid cells in islands, strands and nests that arise from the basal layer of the epithelium and penetrate the underlying connective tissue; distinct peripheral palisading and stromal retraction

Answer 33

basal cell carcinoma

Question 34

benign acquired pigmentation of the oral mucosa characterized by dendritic melanocytes dispersed throughout the thickness of the epithelium; oral lesion seen almost exclusively in blacks with female predilection; most common in third and fourth decades; buccal mucosa most common site of involvement with lesions presenting as a well demarcated, smooth macule or slightly elevated plaque with a relatively uniform dark-brown to black color

Answer 34

melanoacanthoma

Question 35

a relatively rapid increase in size over a period of a few weeks; may develop a synchronous _ on the contralateral buccal mucosa

Answer 35

melanoacanthoma

Question 36

benign proliferation of melanocytes; acquired or congenital; majority appear during first 2 decades of life; females more than males; majority have an activating mutation in the BRAF gene

Answer 36

acquired melanocytic nevus

Question 37

tan-to-brown, uniformly pigmented, small papules with well-defined, rounded borders; intraoral are uncommon; proliferation of nevus cells that vary in morphology depending upon their depth, superficially arranged in theques

Answer 37

acquired melanocytic nevus

Question 38

Proliferation of nevus cell confined to the basal layer of epithelium

Answer 38

junctional nevus

Question 39

Proliferation of nevus cell seen in both the basal layer of epithelium and in the underlying dermis

Answer 39

compound nevus

Question 40

proliferation of nevus cell confined to the underlying dermis

Answer 40

intradermal nevus

Question 41

benign hyperpigmentation of the mucous membranes; increase in focal melanin deposition w/o increase in number of melanocytes; most commonly on the vermilion border; can be found on the gingiva or palate; if multiple consider Peutz-Jeghers syndrome

Answer 41

oral melanotic macule

Question 42

lesions are brown to tan in color and smaller than 1 cm, well-demarcated border; women more than men; average age is 40 years

Answer 42

oral melanotic macule

Question 43

Proliferation of benign melanocytes within the deep subepithelial connective tissue; slate blue to blue black lesion; Tyndall effect; 2nd most common intraoral pigmented lesion with palate being a common location; buccal 2nd most common locale; more in females

Answer 43

blue nevus

Question 44

highly aggressive malignant neoplasm; less common but more deadly than basal or squamous cell carcinoma; may arise from preexisting benign melanocytic lesions or from skin subject to a history of acute solar damage; white adults; aged 50-55 most common

Answer 44

melanoma

Question 45

rapid enlargement or change in color of a preexisting nevus; itching or pain in a lesion; ABCDE's; 3rd most common skin cancer; oral is rare in US; atypical melanocytes along the basal epithelial layer (lateral growth phase); vertical growth begins as these cells invade the connective tissue

Answer 45

melanoma