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Tissue Biology > Epithelia & supporting tissue (W2) > Flashcards

Epithelia & supporting tissue (W2) Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 4 basic tissue

A
  • epithelial
  • supporting
  • muscular
  • nervous
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2
Q

What is the function of epithelial

A
  • containment
  • selective diffusion
  • absorption
  • secretion
  • physical protection
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3
Q

What is surface epithelia , where is is found and what is it involved in

A
  • cover and line all body surface , cavities and tube
  • Involved in containment, selective diffusion, absorption, secretion and physical protection
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4
Q

What does all surface epithelia contain

A

cytokeratin intermediates filaments
- makes it recognisable by immunohistochemistry

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5
Q

What are all epithelia supported by

A

Basement membrane

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6
Q

Describe the basement membrane

A
  • separates epithelial from underlying supporting tissue
  • doesn’t contain BV and are dependant on diffusion for nutrients jh
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7
Q

What is the function of the basement membrane

A

provide metabolic support & binds to underlying support tissue

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8
Q

What is the basement membrane celled in nerve and muscle tissue

A

external lamina

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9
Q

Describe the shape of the basement membrane

A

sheet-like arrangements of extra-cellular matrix proteins which act as interface between support tissue and parenchymal cells

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10
Q

What are the main constituents of the basement membrane

A
  • collagen type 4
  • glycoproteins laminin
  • entactin
  • fibroxnectin
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11
Q

What layers are the basement membrane composed of

A
  • Lamina lucida
  • Lamina densa
  • Lamina fibroreticularis
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12
Q

Describe the 3 layers of basement membrane

A
  1. Lamina lucida
    - relatively transparent
  2. Lamina densa
    - intermediate elcetron-dense layer
  3. Lamina fibroreticularis
    - electrolucent layer which emerge with supporting tissue underneath
    - mainly tyope 3 collagen & fibronectin
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13
Q

Describe simple squamous and where it is found

A
  • flattened irregular epithelium forming continuous surface (pavement epithelium)
  • found lining surfaces f gases e.g., lungs
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14
Q

Describe simple cuboidal and where it is found

A
  • round nucleus located in cell centre (gives clue to shape)
  • lines small suits and excretory, secretory or absorptive functions
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15
Q

Describe simple columnar and where it is found

A
  • taller cuboidal cells
  • elongated nuclei an located towards the base, apex of centre of cytoplasm
  • located in small intestine, gall bladder or play a secretory role
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16
Q

Describe simple stratified epithelia

A
  • consisting of 2+ layers
  • flattened cells at the top
  • cuboidal at base
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17
Q

Why is stratified epithelium poor for absorption

A

thickness of cell layers

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18
Q

Describe stratified squamos and where it is found

A

adapted to withstand constant abrasion and desiccation due to tough non-living surface layer composed of protein keratin wrapped in plasma membrane

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19
Q

Why is the nuclei eventually lost in stratified epithelium

A

the cell matures

20
Q

Describe stratified cuboidal and where it is found

A
  • thin ( only 2 or 3 cells)
  • more robust
  • found lining larger excretory ducts
  • not involved in significant secretory or absorptive activity
21
Q

Describe stratified transitional and where it is found

A
  • highly nucleated
  • found in urinary tract and is highly specialised to accommodate stretch and toxicity of urine
22
Q

What does stratified transitional look like when
- relaxed
- stretched

A
  • when relaxed, surface cells are large and rounded
  • when stretched, intermediate and surface layers are extremely flattered
23
Q

What is glandular epithelium

A
  • primarily involved in secretion
24
Q

Describe simple tubular glands and where they are located

A
  • single straight tubular lumen which secretary products are discharged
  • large intestine
25
Q

Describe simple coiled tubular glands and where they are located

A
  • tightly coiled in 3D
  • sweat glands
26
Q

Describe simple branched glands and where they are located

A
  • several tubular secretory portions which converge onto a single unbranched duct
  • stomach mucus
27
Q

When do endocrine glands lose their connection to the epithelial surface

A

during development

28
Q

How can secretion be controlled

A

by metabolic factors
e.g., glucose

29
Q

What do most endocrine glands contain

A

clusters of secretary cells each with own basement membrane surrounded by rich network of blood vessels

30
Q

What is supporting tissue

A

provides structural and metabolic support for other tissues and organs

31
Q

What are supporting tissue derived from

A

precursor cells in primitive (metal) supporting tissue - mesenchyme

32
Q

What is the function of supporting tissue

A

mediates exchange of nutrients, gases and metabolites between tissues and circulatory system

33
Q

What is supporting tissue composed of

A
  • specialised cells
  • extracellular matrix (ground substance and fibres)
34
Q

What determines the physical properties of the supporting tissue

A

extracellular matrix component

35
Q

What are the 2 main fibrous components of supporting tissue

A
  • collagen
  • elastin
36
Q

Describe collagen

A
  • provides tensile strength
  • secreted as tropocollagen which polymerises in the extracellular matrix to from collagen
37
Q

What are the main types of collagen and where are they found

A
  • Type 1 - found in dermis, tendons, ligaments, bone and fibrous supporting tissue
  • Type 2 - found in hyaline cartilage
  • Type 3 (reticulin) - delicate branching supporting meshwork in highly cellular tissues e.g, liver bone and lymphoid organs
  • Type 4 - mesh-like structure in basement membrane
  • Type 7 - anchors fibrils that link to the basement membrane
38
Q

Name some examples of mesenchyme

A
  • fibroblast (most come cells) - responsible for secreting extracellular matrix
  • my-fibroblasts - contractile function + secretion of extracellular matrix
39
Q

What is primitive mesenchyme

A

embryonic tissue which all connective tissue is derived from

40
Q

Describe the shape of mesenchymal cells

A
  • stellate shape with delicate branching cytoplasmic extensions
  • oval nuclei
41
Q

What are mature fibroblastas

A

maintain the integrity of tissue by slow turnover of the extracellular matrix constituents

42
Q

Describe the shape of mature fibroblasts

A
  • condensed elongated in the direction of the collagen bundles
43
Q

What is adipose tissue and where is is found

A
  • fat storage
  • found in isolation or clumps in tissue
44
Q

Why does adipose tissue have a rich blood supply

A

to release energy

45
Q

What is the function of adipose tissue

A

releasing several proteins

46
Q

What is brown adipose

A
  • highly specalised tissue found in newborns
  • importnat role in temperature regulation
  • arrnaged in lobules seperated by fibrous septae which convey blood vessels and nerves
47
Q

What is white adipose

A
  • thermal insulator and a cushion against mechinal shock in sites

Tissue Biology (6 decks)

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