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Physiology Modules 4-6 > Epithelia > Flashcards

Epithelia Flashcards

1
Q

What is a tight junction?

A

connect two adjacent plasma membranes of two cells NOT the cytosols
Separates apical side to basolateral side

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2
Q

What is a gap junction?

A

Connects cytoplasm of cells - little tunnels between cells allowing small solutes to move between cells
Important for conductive cells like cardiomyocytes

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3
Q

What is a desmosome?

A

Strengthening connection of cells and epithelia
Connects cells by adherence by intracellular filaments via cadherines
Stabilise to withstand pressure and provide structure to cells like velcro

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4
Q

Why do we have epithelia?

- Functions (PASSF)

A

To separate and control homeostasis of the inside and outside environment

Protection (skin)
Absorption (kidney, GIT)
Secretion (glands)
Sensation (skin, eye)
Filtration (kidney)
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5
Q

What is the main goal of controlling water and solutes?

A

Maintaining blood pressure

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6
Q

Epithelia definition

A

Cells must be connected to create a barrier
Have a cell polarity to create an electrochemical gradient to facilitate a function
Different protein expression
Different behaviours and regulations

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7
Q

What is the basolateral membrane and what happens there?

A

Serosal interstitial meaning inside or facing the blood side
High water and K+ permeability
Contains Na+/K+ ATPase

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8
Q

What is the apical side of the cell and what does it do?

A

Mucosal lumenal facing lumen/ outside
Brush border membrane - extends surface area of membrane for absorption
Variable water permeability
DOES NOT contain Na+/K+ ATPase

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9
Q

Leaky junction

A

Allows water and sodium to go throuigh

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10
Q

Leaky junction

A

Allows water and sodium to go through

Highly water permeability

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11
Q

PCT type of tight junction

A

leaky oh no lets paracellular flow of water and solutes

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12
Q

CCT type of tight junction

A

tight tight doesnt let that water through

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13
Q

PCT type of tight junction

A

leaky oh no
high water permeability
lets paracellular flow of water and solutes
Transcellularly AQP1

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14
Q

CCT type of tight junction

A

tight tight barely lets that water through
ONLY transcellularly AQP2
Hormonally controlled by ADH, aquaporins are present depending on hydration levels

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15
Q

Tight junctions connect cytoplasmic compartments of cells

A

False

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16
Q

The exchange of ions between cells can facilitate the propagation of action potentials (T/F)

A

True

17
Q

Tight junctions connect cytoplasmic compartments of cells (T/F)

A

False

18
Q

Absorption is driven by ….. transport

A

Na+ transport

19
Q

Secretion is driven by ….. transport

A

Cl- transport

20
Q

Simple diffusion definition

A

If the membrane is permeable to the solute, it will move down its gradient
Dependant on concentration gradient

21
Q

Facilitated diffusion definition

A

Requires a specific membrane protein channel

Still flows down its concentration gradient just cannot cross the membrane by itself

22
Q

Active transport definition

A

Requires energy and a specific membrane protein

Solute is going against its concentration gradient

23
Q

Secondary active transport definition

A

If the gradient generated by a primary active transporter is used by a second active transporter (uses the energy from one thing to drive another)

24
Q

Simple diffusion example

A

Paracellular pathway

25
Q

Facilitated diffusion examples

A

AQP

GLUTs

26
Q

Primary active transport examples

A

Na+/K+

27
Q

Secondary active transport examples

A

SGLT1, SGLT2

28
Q

Channel vs transporter

A

Transporter: requires a conformational change to move the solute from one side of the cell to the other
CAN BE SATURATED
Channel: pore in membrane allowing flow of specific solute

29
Q

Na absorption is initiated by?
Or
How is the electrochemical gradient created?

A

Na+/K+ ATPase on basolateral side generating a gradient of low Na inside the cell and high on lumenal side

30
Q

Electrochemical gradient

A

Drive for different processes

31
Q

SGLT1 and SGLT2 help get glucose in the cell how?

A

these secondary active proteins use the Na gradient and couple glucose influx

32
Q

Electric gradient is generated by

A

Na+/K+ ATPase kicks out more Na than puts in K+
3Na+/2K+
creating a negative charge on the inside, further electrically attracting Na+ from the lumenal side into the cell

33
Q

Why does Cl- move paracellularly from the lumen to interstitium?

A

The basolateral side has become more positive from movement of Na and K and therefore Cl- is pulled and creates the osmotic gradient which therefore pulls water transcellularly and paracellularly to move down osmotic gradient

Physiology Modules 4-6 (3 decks)

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