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SocSci 150 > Epistemology > Flashcards

Epistemology Flashcards

1
Q

Deals with different ways of knowing the truth

A

Epistemology

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2
Q

Empirical

A

Uses the five senses to prove that something is true

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3
Q

Five Epistemologies

A
  1. Positivism
  2. Interpretive Hermeneutic
  3. Critical
  4. Modern
  5. Postmodern
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4
Q

Positivism

A
  • deductive process of establishing reality
  • generalist
  • universalist
  • objective
  • borrowed from biological or natural science
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5
Q

Interpretive Hermeneutic

A
  • subjective
  • you cannot generalize reality
  • relative
  • deals with specific/unique realities and cultures
  • originated from linguistics and literature
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6
Q

Critical

A
  • looks at class conflict
  • deals with inequality
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7
Q

Modern

A
  • centralized belief
  • everything is dictated by powerful institutions (church and government)
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8
Q

Postmodern

A
  • fragmentation
  • integration/mixing
  • higher decentralization
  • combination of hermeneutic and critical perspectives
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9
Q

Implications of Postmodernity

A
  1. no anchorage –> does not need scientific validity
  2. you can assert in reality
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10
Q

Philosophical theory of knowledge

A

Epistemology

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11
Q

Four Themes and Problems of Epistemology

A
  1. Valid Knowledge
  2. Nature of Validity
  3. Foundation of Knowledge: reason or experience and senses
  4. Different Types of Knowledge and the Limits of Knowledge
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12
Q

Science is deemed to be valid bacause

A

measurable
certifiable
empirical
tangible

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13
Q

The type of knowledge when it is founded on reason

A

universal
objective

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14
Q

The type of knowledge when it is founded on experience and the senses

A

subjective
cannot be universalized

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15
Q

Why can’t knowledge be universalized according to knowledge that is founded on experience and the senses?

A

Different contexts –> Different experiences –> Different meanings

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16
Q

Should knowledge just be limited to science?

A

No –> marginalizing and prejudicial

17
Q

IKSP

A

Indigenous Knowledge Systems and Practices

18
Q

Where did Science start?

A

Germany and French

19
Q

Discipline of Gnoseology

A

General

20
Q

The theory of knowledge that originated in Germany

A

restricted to scientific knowledge

21
Q

Four Main Issues of Epistemological Paradigm in a sociological POV

A
  1. Object of Social Sciences (social reality) vs Object of Natural Sciences (natural reality)
  2. Most appropriate gnoseological procedure to study and understand social reality
  3. Knowledge on social reality generalizable
  4. Causality between social events
22
Q

Basis of social sciences during its early days

A

framework of natural sciences
- not concerned with human rights/ethics
- objective
- scientific

23
Q

Tools of Social Sciences

A

FGD
interviews
participant-observation
survey

24
Q

Is knowledge on social reality generalizable?

A

not universal all throughout time –> society is dynamic
theories are not applicable to all phenomena
there are always inconsistencies and debates
data is qualitative –> empirical and scientific but not generalizable

25
Q

Can causality be studied by social science?

A

Correlations of social events but cause and effect is the concern of natural science

26
Q

Reality according to Scientific or Positivism Perspective

A
  • society –> orderly system
  • social institutions –> functional
  • must be maintained (status quo)
  • patterned from a biological system
  • “out there” –> measurable; objective; without context
27
Q

Research according to Scientific or Positivism Perspective

A
  • empiricism
  • objectivity
  • validity –> alignment of the findings and methods to the research question
  • reliability –> same results when replicated
  • quantitative
  • nomothetic
28
Q

Meaning of hermeneutic

A

“Interpretation of Meaning”

29
Q

Reality according to Interpretive or Hermeneutic Perspective

A
  • on-going interaction that is facilitated by language –> meaning is socially constructed and dynamic
  • socially constructed –> subjective reality
30
Q

How does language create different social realities?

A

Different languages are used in different places that have different cultures.

31
Q

Research according to Interpretive or Hermeneutic Perspective

A
  • qualitative
  • specifics and unique characteristics
  • produce thick and textual descriptions
32
Q

Reality according to Critical or Liberative Perspective

A
  • pattern of inequality
33
Q

Research according to Critical or Liberative Perspective

A
  • bring out desired change
  • qualitative and quantitative
  • activist
34
Q

Reality according to Postmodern Perspective

A
  • unstable and ambiguous reality
  • language and discourses shapes power and at the same time creates power relations
  • challenges belief in reason and rationality
35
Q

Research according to Postmodern Perspective

A
  • Introspective
  • Anti-objectivist
  • Observer can never be neutral

SocSci 150 (4 decks)

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