Episode 1 - Intro and Basic Formed Elements

Question 1

Basic (4) functions of blood.

Answer 1

1. Transport Medium (blood permeates all organs and tissues)
2. Homeostasis (everything in the blood is regulated in some fashion)
3. Buffering
4. Temperature Regulation

Question 2

____ is plasma minus its clotting factors.

Answer 2

Serum

Question 3

Blood can be divided into ____ and ____.

Answer 3

Formed Elements and Plasma

Question 4

Formed elements are:

Answer 4

RBC’s (erythrocytes)

WBC’s (leukocytes)

Platelets (thrombocytes)

Question 5

A _____ examined by a trained eye is still the best method for definitively evaluating and identifying immature and abnormal cells.

Answer 5

blood smear

Question 6

Platelets are not really cells, but rather fragments of _____ that break off in the bone marrow before entering the peripheral blood.

Answer 6

megakaryocytes

Question 7

Main function of platelets is to form ____ which slow down or stop bleeding (depending on severity of injury)

Answer 7

platelet plugs

Question 8

Main function of ____ is a defense against parasitic infections

Answer 8

eosinophils

Question 9

____ turn into Mast Cells when they reach tissues.

Answer 9

Basophils

Question 10

Main function of ____ is a primary defense against bacteria and fungi.

Answer 10

Neutrophils

Question 11

In ____ the golgi apparatus does not stain as well as the remainder of the cytoplasm and leaves a light “impression” - the phenomenon is called a “_____”

Answer 11

Monocytes

“negative image”

Question 12

Monocytes become ____ when they migrate to tissue.

Answer 12

macrophages

Question 13

____ are generally the smallest of all WBC’s with a round nucleus and very little cytoplasm.

Answer 13

Lymphocytes

Question 14

B lymphocytes respond to pathogens by producing large quantities of ____ which then attack bacteria and viruses.

Answer 14

antibodies

Question 15

The T lymphocytes that produce chemicals that direct the immune response are called ____.

Answer 15

T-helper cells (CD4 Cells)

Question 16

The T Lymphocytes that produce enzymes which induce the death of pathogen infected cells are called ____.

Answer 16

Cytotoxic T Cells (CD8 Cells)

Question 17

The type of lymphocyte that plays a major role in the rejection of tumors and cells infected by viruses is called ____.

Answer 17

Natural Killer Cells

Question 18

NK Cells kill by releasing small cytoplasmic granules of proteins called ____ and ____ that cause the target cell to die.

Answer 18

perforin and granzyme

Question 19

Identify the following:

Answer 19

A. Neutrophil

B. Lymphocyte

C. Basophil

D. Monocyte

E. Eosinophil