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Pharmacology I > Epileptic > Flashcards

Epileptic Flashcards

1
Q

status epilepticus

A

abnormally prolonged or repetitive seizures

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2
Q

what is the initial treatment of choice for status epilepticus?

A

benzodiazepine either IV lorazepam or diazepam

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3
Q

what drugs are strong inducers of P450?

A

Carbamazepine

Phenobarbital

Phenytoin

Primidone

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4
Q

GABA receptor enhancers/up-regulators

A

barbiturates

benzodiazepines

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5
Q

benzodiazepines

A

lorazepam

diazepam

clonazepam

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6
Q

vigabatrin

A

structurally related to GABA but doesn’t bind receptors

suicide inhibitor of GABA transaminase → stops GABA breakdown

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7
Q

valproate

A

inhibit succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase → increase in succinic semialdehyde which acts as an inhibitor of GABA transaminase ultimately reducing GABA metabolism and increasing GABAergic neurotransmission

and inhibit T-type Ca2+ channels

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8
Q

retigabine

A

K+ opener

keeps neurons hyperpolarized

“natural inhibitory influence”

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9
Q

perampanel

A

inhibits non-NMDA glutamate receptor

non-competitive antagonist of glutamate

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10
Q

AMPA receptor antagonist

A

perampanel

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11
Q

levetiracetam

A

reduce glutamate release preventing further release into post-synaptic

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12
Q

V-Ca2+ inhibitors

A

gabapentin

pregabalin

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13
Q

gabapentin and pregabalin

A

inhibit Ca2+ currents and reduce Ca-dependent glutamate release, thus reducing synaptic excitation

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14
Q

what drugs inhibit neuronal spike firing?

A

phenytoin, carbamazepine, valproate

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15
Q

phenytoin

A

stabilizes inactivated Na+ channels

blocks Ca2+ channel to lower extent

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16
Q

Na+ channel inhibitors

A

carbamazepine

phenytoin

valproate

lamotrigine

zonisamide

topiramate

lacosamide

17
Q

how do the Na+ work?

A

drugs prolong the inactivation of V-Na+ channels thereby reducing the ability of neurons to fire at high frequencies

18
Q

reducing excitation

A

decrease intrinsic excitability: decrease V-Na+ and V-Ca2+

decrease synaptic excitation: decrease glutamatergic input

19
Q

enhancing inhibition

A

increase K channels (V-K+)

increase synaptic inhibition: increase GABA input

Pharmacology I (7 decks)

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