CNS Flashcards

1
Q

glutamate antagonists

A

memantine

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2
Q

Memantine MOA

A

binds NDMA receptor with higher affinity than Mg → inhibits Ca2+

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3
Q

uses of Memantine

A

Alzheimer’s and Ischemic stroke

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4
Q

GABA agonists

A

muscimol

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5
Q

MOA of GABA agonists

A

bind GABA receptor induces hyperpolarization

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6
Q

uses of GABA agonists

A

epilepsy

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7
Q

GABA antagonists

A

Bicuculine

Picrotoxin

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8
Q

GABA antagonists MOA

A

blocks inhibitory action of GABA

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9
Q

uses of GABA antagonists

A

convulsants

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10
Q

AchE inhibitors

A

Tacrine

Donepezil

Rivastigmine

Galantamine

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11
Q

MOA of AchE inhibitors

A

inhibits breakdown of Ach

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12
Q

uses of AchE inhibitors

A

Alzheimer’s (minimal benefit)

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13
Q

COMT inhibitors

A

Tolcapone

Entacapone

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14
Q

MOA of COMT inhibitors

A

inhibits extracellular dopamine degradation

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15
Q

uses of COMT inhibitors

A

2nd line drug, not sufficient alone

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16
Q

GABA up-regulators

A

barbiturates

benzodiazepines

17
Q

MOA of GABA up-regulator

A

Increase: GABA receptor function, burst opening of GABA channels, Cl- influx into the cell to enhance inhibitory synaptic transmission

18
Q

uses of GABA up regulators

A

Seizures, status epilepticus, sleep disorders (insomnia), pre- operative sedation

19
Q

dopamine precursor

A

L-dopa (Levodopa)

20
Q

uses of dopamine L-dopa

A

Less effective as the disease progresses and more dopamine receptors are lost

Small, frequent doses are best

Pair with Carbidopa to block dopamine uptake in the periphery

21
Q

MOA of L-dopa

A

Converted by decarboxylase to dopamine

5-HT can also convert

Absorbed in small intestine via transporters for aromatic amino acids

22
Q

how can dyskinesia be lessened?

A

Amantadine also deep brain sleep

23
Q

side effects of L-dopa

A

nausea, vomiting, sedation, hallucinations, nightmare, confusion, behavioral changes (impulse control disorders)

Orthostatic hypotension (bc of activation of vascular DA receptors)

24
Q

front line drug for parkinson’s

A

L-dopa

Ropinirole

Pramipexole

25
dopamine receptor (D2) agonists
ropinirole pramipexole
26
MOA of D2 receptor agonists
Full D2 agonists Longer duration than L-dopa (8-24hrs)
27
what class of drug is more effect for treating Parkinson's?
dopamine precursor first then D2 agonists
28
anticholinergic drugs
biperiden benzotropine procylidine trihexypehnidyl
29
MOA of anticholinergics
Blocks muscarinic Ach receptors Restore balance between dopamine and Ach in basal ganglia
30
MAO-B inhibitors
selegiline rasagiline
31
MOA of MAO-B
Inhibits intracellular dopamine degradation
32
glutamate receptors (NMRA-R) blocker
amantadine
33
uses of Amantadine
aids in reducing L-dopa induced dyskinesia
34
MOA of glutamate receptors blockers
block dopamine uptake or stimulates release