CNS

Question 1

glutamate antagonists

Answer 1

memantine

Question 2

Memantine MOA

Answer 2

binds NDMA receptor with higher affinity than Mg → inhibits Ca2+

Question 3

uses of Memantine

Answer 3

Alzheimer’s and Ischemic stroke

Question 4

GABA agonists

Answer 4

muscimol

Question 5

MOA of GABA agonists

Answer 5

bind GABA receptor induces hyperpolarization

Question 6

uses of GABA agonists

Answer 6

epilepsy

Question 7

GABA antagonists

Answer 7

Bicuculine

Picrotoxin

Question 8

GABA antagonists MOA

Answer 8

blocks inhibitory action of GABA

Question 9

uses of GABA antagonists

Answer 9

convulsants

Question 10

AchE inhibitors

Answer 10

Tacrine

Donepezil

Rivastigmine

Galantamine

Question 11

MOA of AchE inhibitors

Answer 11

inhibits breakdown of Ach

Question 12

uses of AchE inhibitors

Answer 12

Alzheimer’s (minimal benefit)

Question 13

COMT inhibitors

Answer 13

Tolcapone

Entacapone

Question 14

MOA of COMT inhibitors

Answer 14

inhibits extracellular dopamine degradation

Question 15

uses of COMT inhibitors

Answer 15

2nd line drug, not sufficient alone

Question 16

GABA up-regulators

Answer 16

barbiturates

benzodiazepines

Question 17

MOA of GABA up-regulator

Answer 17

Increase: GABA receptor function, burst opening of GABA channels, Cl- influx into the cell to enhance inhibitory synaptic transmission

Question 18

uses of GABA up regulators

Answer 18

Seizures, status epilepticus, sleep disorders (insomnia), pre- operative sedation

Question 19

dopamine precursor

Answer 19

L-dopa (Levodopa)

Question 20

uses of dopamine L-dopa

Answer 20

Less effective as the disease progresses and more dopamine receptors are lost

Small, frequent doses are best

Pair with Carbidopa to block dopamine uptake in the periphery

Question 21

MOA of L-dopa

Answer 21

Converted by decarboxylase to dopamine

5-HT can also convert

Absorbed in small intestine via transporters for aromatic amino acids

Question 22

how can dyskinesia be lessened?

Answer 22

Amantadine also deep brain sleep

Question 23

side effects of L-dopa

Answer 23

nausea, vomiting, sedation, hallucinations, nightmare, confusion, behavioral changes (impulse control disorders)

Orthostatic hypotension (bc of activation of vascular DA receptors)

Question 24

front line drug for parkinson’s

Answer 24

L-dopa

Ropinirole

Pramipexole

Question 25

dopamine receptor (D2) agonists

Answer 25

ropinirole

pramipexole

Question 26

MOA of D2 receptor agonists

Answer 26

Full D2 agonists Longer duration than L-dopa (8-24hrs)

Question 27

what class of drug is more effect for treating Parkinson’s?

Answer 27

dopamine precursor first then D2 agonists

Question 28

anticholinergic drugs

Answer 28

biperiden

benzotropine

procylidine

trihexypehnidyl

Question 29

MOA of anticholinergics

Answer 29

Blocks muscarinic Ach receptors Restore balance between dopamine and Ach in basal ganglia

Question 30

MAO-B inhibitors

Answer 30

selegiline

rasagiline

Question 31

MOA of MAO-B

Answer 31

Inhibits intracellular dopamine degradation

Question 32

glutamate receptors (NMRA-R) blocker

Answer 32

amantadine

Question 33

uses of Amantadine

Answer 33

aids in reducing L-dopa induced dyskinesia

Question 34

MOA of glutamate receptors blockers

Answer 34

block dopamine uptake or stimulates release