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3A Neurology > Epilepsy > Flashcards

Epilepsy Flashcards

1
Q

What is epilepsy

A

neurological disorder characterised by recurrent seizures

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2
Q

What are seizures

A

A seizure is defined as a paroxysmal alteration of neurological function as a result of excessive, hypersynchronous discharge of neurons within the brain

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3
Q

What causes a seizure

A

imbalance between excitation and inhibition within the neurons of the brain.

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4
Q

What is the imbalance between

A

NAME?

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5
Q

Inherited risk factors of epilepsy

A

NAME?

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6
Q

Acquired risk factors

A

NAME?

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7
Q

What can trigger a seizure

A

NAME?

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8
Q

How are seizures classified

A

1-Where the seizures began
2-Level of awareness during the seizure
3-Other features of the seizure e.g. motor

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9
Q

Pre - ictal phase features ?

A

NAME?

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10
Q

what to investigate during the Ictal stage ? 6

A

NAME?

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11
Q

What would jerking suggest

A

tonic clonic

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12
Q

What occurs in a tonic clonic seizure

A

NAME?

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13
Q

What is myoclonic

A

Some or all of the body suddenly twitches. Usually lasts less than a second

Muscle twitching and spasming

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14
Q

What is a behavioural arrest seizure and what does it suggest?

A

A type of focal non-motor seizure characterized by an arrest or pause of activities, freezing, or immobilization as the predominant semiological feature throughout the seizure

Arrest seizure? IDK Maryam’s retarded

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15
Q

What is atonic

A

Sudden loss of muscle strength. Can cause a person to drop to the ground

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16
Q

What occurs during an abscence seizure

A
  • childhood moments of staring blankly into space
  • 3hz spike on ecg
17
Q

what to investigate in the post - ictal symptoms 5

A

post ictal symptoms:

  • drowsiness
  • headaches
  • amnesia
  • dysphagia
  • sore tongue
18
Q

Where can seizures originate?

A

NAME?

19
Q

What is the most common location of focal seizures

A

temporal lobe

20
Q

Temporal lobe focal seizure features

A

NAME?

21
Q

frontal lobe features of a focal seizure

A

NAME?

22
Q

occipital focal seizure features

A

NAME?

23
Q

Initial investigations

A

Bedside

  • Urinalysis: nitrites or leucocytes would suggest infection
  • Capillary blood glucose: to exclude hypoglycaemia
  • ECG: to exclude differentials such as cardiogenic syncope

Bloods

  • FBC
  • Inflammatory markers
  • U&E,bone profile , mg2+
24
Q

Imaging for a seizure

A

ct head - to exclude intracranial causes such as haemorrhage

25
Q

Diagnosis for epilepsy must involve?

A

must have had 2 or more seizures withins 24hr periodq

26
Q

Conservative management

A

NAME?

27
Q

medical management ?

A

NAME?

28
Q

who cant have sodium valproate

A

except females of child bearing age

29
Q

mechanism of sodium valproate

A

NAME?

30
Q

Acute complications

A
  • Injury
  • Tongue biting
  • Shoulder dislocation: usually posterior
  • Status epilepticus: state of prolonged seizure activity >5 minutes
31
Q

Three types of focal seizures

A

NAME?

32
Q

first line tx for focal seizures

A

Lamatrogine or levetiracetam
1st line for tonic clonic focal

33
Q

What seizures have sodium valproate as first line tx

A

Abscence

Generalised - tonic-clonic

myoclonic

34
Q

Complications of epilepsy

A
  • Status epilepticus - >5 minutes of continuous seizures
  • Depression
  • Suicide
  • Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP)
35
Q

what medication may worsen myoclonic seizures

A

carbamezepine

36
Q

asynchronous limb movements, trunk movements and eyes being closed would suggest ?

A

dissociative seizure

37
Q

Side effects of lamotrigine

A

NAME?

38
Q

’ crazy movements’ sudden jerking of a limb , trunk or face with preserved consciousness would indicate

A

Myoclonic seizure

39
Q

jacksonian march ?

A

Seizure starts in one group but can then move to another
Classic to focal motor seizures

3A Neurology (20 decks)

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