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periodontics > epidemiology of periodontal diseases > Flashcards

epidemiology of periodontal diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Why is the epidemiology of periodontal diseases important?

A

important for prevention and treatment of periodontal diseases.

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2
Q

What is epidemiology?

A

study of factors and conditions that determine the occurrence and distribution of disease patterns in groups of people.

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2
Q

What do epidemiological studies on periodontal diseases evaluate?

A
  • Gingivitis
  • periodontitis
  • types of periodontal diseases
    other factors
  • patterns of disease in different areas of the mouth
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3
Q

What is prevalence in epidemiology?

A

The proportion of persons affected by a disease at a given point in time.

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4
Q

What is incidence in epidemiology?

A

The rate of occurrence of new disease during a given period of time.

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5
Q

What is a limitation of epidemiologic studies?

A

They can only discover associations, not determine causation.

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5
Q

What are the purposes of epidemiologic studies?

A
  • Identify potential causes of disease
  • Estimate those people at risk
  • Modes of transmission (genetic, blood, air etc)
  • Provide information for controlling the disease
  • Provide information about the natural course of
    diseases
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6
Q

How is causation determined?

A
  • Strength of association
  • Intervention/Dose – Response
  • Temporal consistency
  • Consistency of finding
  • Biological plausibility
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7
Q

The main diseases evaluated in the epidemiology studies:

A
  • Gingivitis
  • Chronic Periodontitis (1999)
  • Aggressive Periodontitis (1999)
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8
Q

The main diseases evaluated in the epidemiology studies: Chronic Periodontitis (1999)

A

Periodontitis Stages 1-4, Grades A-B (2017)

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9
Q

The main diseases evaluated in the epidemiology studies: Aggressive Periodontitis (1999)

A
  • Periodontitis Stage 2-4, Grade C (2017)
  • Localized aggressive Periodontitis (molar/incisor)
  • Generalized aggressive Periodontitis (generalized)
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10
Q

How common is gingivitis in the absence of good oral hygiene?

A

almost universal in the absence of good oral hygiene.

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11
Q

When does gingivitis typically begin?

A

around 5 years of age.

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11
Q

When is the prevalence of gingivitis highest?

A

occurs during puberty.

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12
Q

How does the prevalence of gingivitis change in adulthood?

A

decreases slightly with age, but it still remains high in adulthood.

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13
Q

Which gender tends to have more gingival inflammation?

A

Males more than females

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14
Q

Which survey supports the high prevalence of gingival inflammation in the U.S.?

A

The National Survey of Oral Health in U.S. Employed Adults and Seniors (1986) supports the high prevalence of gingival inflammation.

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14
Q

What is localized aggressive periodontitis?

A

Localized aggressive periodontitis involves periodontal destruction around the first molars and incisors.

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15
Q

When does localized aggressive periodontitis typically begin?

A

The age of onset for localized aggressive periodontitis is after puberty.

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16
Q

Is there a gender predilection for localized aggressive periodontitis?

A

No

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16
Q

What is the prevalence of localized aggressive periodontitis in individuals of African descent?

A

1-2%.

17
Q

What is the prevalence of localized aggressive periodontitis in White individuals?

A

0.1-0.2%.

18
Q

Does localized aggressive periodontitis have a genetic component?

A

Yes

19
Q

What is a key characteristic of generalized aggressive periodontitis?

A

involves very severe, generalized bone loss.

20
Q

When does generalized aggressive periodontitis typically onset?

A

After puberty.

21
Q

What is the relationship between plaque and periodontal destruction in generalized aggressive periodontitis?

A

Periodontal destruction is related to plaque.

22
Q

Does generalized aggressive periodontitis have a genetic component?

A

Yes

22
Q

Are there good epidemiology studies on the prevalence of generalized aggressive periodontitis?

A

No, but its occurrence is similar to the localized form.

23
Q

What type of disease is chronic periodontitis?

A

slow, chronic disease.

24
Q

Are there specific patterns of destruction in chronic periodontitis?

A

No

24
Q

When does chronic periodontitis typically onset?

A

after puberty but is not usually apparent until the third or fourth decade of life.

24
Q

Is there any race predilection for chronic periodontitis?

A

No

25
Q

How common is chronic periodontitis?

A

common, affecting 10-30% of the population depending on the definition.

26
Q

What is the correlation between age and the prevalence of destructive periodontal disease in chronic periodontitis?

A

strong positive correlation

27
Q

How does the incidence of periodontal disease change with age?

A

remains constant over age, with new cases occurring at approximately the same rate across all ages.

27
Q

Does the pattern of destruction in chronic periodontitis vary among different tooth types?

A

No, its similar

27
Q

What is the correlation between oral cleanliness and periodontal destruction in chronic periodontitis?

A

strong positive correlation

28
Q

What is the correlation between disease severity and age in chronic periodontitis?

A

strong positive correlation

29
Q

Which gender demonstrates a greater amount of periodontal disease

A

Males

30
Q

Infection and heart disease articles and author

A
  • Osler W.
  • Diseases of the arteries
  • Modern medicine: Its practice and
    theory. Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia, 1908, 429- 47.
30
Q

What diseases are associated with periodontal disease according to epidemiological studies?

A

Cardiovascular disease
Diabetes
Low birth weight.

30
Q

What have treatment studies shown regarding periodontal therapy and unfavorable outcomes?

A

not supported that periodontal therapy will reduce unfavorable outcomes.

31
Q

Does a mere association from epidemiological studies indicate causation?

A

No

32
Q

What study did H. Loe publish in 1986 related to periodontitis?

A

study on the natural course of periodontitis in 1986.

33
Q

In gingivitis, which areas show the most severity?

A

Interproximal
Buccal
Lingual areas.

33
Q

In periodontitis, which areas show the most severity?

A

Interproximal areas
Molars and incisors.

33
Q

Where is recession more prevalent in the mouth?

A

More prevalent at buccal sites. It is not always caused by periodontitis.

33
Q

Is gingivitis common in people who do not control plaque?

A

Yes

34
Q

How does the amount of plaque affect the severity and extent of gingivitis and periodontitis?

A

Higher amounts of plaque increase the severity and extent of both gingivitis and periodontitis.

35
Q

Does the incidence of periodontitis increase with age?

A

No

35
Q

T or F: Males have greater gingivitis and periodontitis than females due to poorer plaque control.

A

True

35
Q

How does smoking affect periodontitis?

A

Smoking is related to an increase in periodontitis.

periodontics (2 decks)

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