Epidemiology of Dental caries Flashcards
What is epidemiology?
the branch of medicine which deals with the incidence, distribution, and possible control of diseases and other factors relating to health.
What is prevalence?
percentage of population that have the disease divided by the population at risk
the disease which is there now
What is incidence?
number of new cases of a disease divided by he population at risk in a given time period
number of new cases over a period of time
What is incidence vs prevalence?
incidence is the number of new cases in a given time
A 2020 = (1780/39640) x 100
= 4.5%
B = (1826-1780) / 40,000
x100
= 1.15 per 1000
What are trends?
these are the changes of differences in the prevalence or incidence of disease with respect to time, location or socioeconomics
What are the 2 forms of epidemiology studies?
descriptive and analytical
What is a type of descriptive study?
cross-sectional studies
What is a descriptive study analysing?
who
where
when
one that is designed to describe the distribution of one or more variables, without regard to any causal or other hypothesis.
What is an analytical study?
one in which action will be taken on a cause system to improve the future performance of the system of interest.
cause and effects
What is a systemic review?
A systematic review is considered the most trusted form of evidence A systematic review is a scholarly synthesis of the evidence on a clearly presented topic using critical methods to identify, define and assess research on the topic.
What is the most important instrument to measure disease?
index
What is an index?
is an instrument that enables quantification of a disease or measurement of a state from established criteria
What is the index to measure dental caries?
DMFT/dmfT
What does DMF stand for?
decayed, missing or filled
When use upper/lower case for DMF?
upper case for permanent dentition
lower case for primary dentition
In the DMFT system, when do you score a missing tooth 1?
if missing due to caries
When is the mean DMFT calculated?
for communities
What are the advantages of DMFT?
records current and previous disease
measures prevalence and severity of dental caries
provides standardisation and helps in comparability worldwide
What are the disadvantages of DMFT?
assume missing and filled teeth were once carious
restorations could be placed for preventative reasons
inter-observed bias and variability
What is the SiC index?
significant caries index
Why look at the SiC index for a population?
individuals are sorted according to their DMFT values
calculated DMFT of caries risk group
What is the high risk caries population?
top 1/3 of population
What epidemiological survey for dental caries, looks at children?
national dental inspection programme 2003-present
Describe the trends in this graph
Looks like rural areas like O&S have better % of children with no obvious decay whereas city centre like GGC & are below average
What is SMID?
SCOTTISH INDEX FOR MULTIPLE DEGREDATION
Describe the trend in this graph?
Overall greater number of children with no decay. Also gap between greatest and lowest SMID closing over time but with greater dep still a way to go
the least deprived areas have the least decay experience compared to most deprived
