Epidemiology in Public Health Flashcards
1
Q
Primordial Prevention
A
- aimed at the prepathogenesis phase of disease development to prevent disease from happening at all
- aimed at reducing risks even before individual-level risk develops
Ex. educating people on the subject of the disease
2
Q
A key attribute of primordial prevention is…
A
- improvements to living conditions
- housing quality, income inequality, racial and ethic marginalization, gender inequality, and many other social and cultural factors
3
Q
Sanitary Revolution/Movement
A
- is an early example of primordial prevention
- industrial revolution changed the quality of living conditions by creating local health boards
- introduction of real sewers
4
Q
The primary goal of epidemiology is…
A
- is the study of the health of populations,
- taking a “snap shot” of health status at a single point in time to compare it to observations made in the past, and make predictions about the future
5
Q
Utilization of Health Services tells us …
A
- who is using the services
- WHO uses what services, WHEN, and WHY
6
Q
T/F - Epidemiological research relies on the active participation of individuals who entrust epidemiologists with their own health.
A
True
7
Q
Ethical Considerations (4)
A
- informed consent
- confidentiality
- respect for human rights
- scientific integrity
8
Q
Informed Consent
A
- Voluntary consent given by a subject or a responsible proxy (e.g., a parent)
- to be informed of the purpose, methods, procedures, potential benefits and potential harms, and outcomes
9
Q
Who cannot inform consent? (2)
A
- children
- those with impaired intellectual capacity
10
Q
Confidentiality
A
- obligation not to disclose information (and) the right of a person to withhold information from others
- related to privacy
- must be informed that they have the right to withhold any information that they do not wish to disclose
11
Q
Ways to deal with Confidentiality and Privacy (5)
A
- anonymizing responses
- individual data is grouped to prevent their identification
- access to any personal information to be taken with consent, and identifiers (such as names and addresses) should be redacted
- data should be under lock and key
- when the study is completed, data must be destroyed
12
Q
Respect for Human Rights is… (5)
A
- acknowledging humanity of research subjects and “causing no harm”
- participants are allowed to withdraw their consent at any time
- participants in research cannot be coerced
- cannot be excluded from research based on their racial, ethic, gender, identity
- given the opportunity to have information about the results from the study and information of their health status
13
Q
Conflict of Interest
A
- if someone can benefit in some way if a study goes a certain way, that is a conflict of interest
14
Q
Research Misconduct (5)
A
- Fabrication of data, falsification of data, and plagiarism
- Selectively excluding data from analysis
- Misinterpreting data to obtain desired results
- Doctoring images in publications
- Producing false data or results
