Epidemiology and public health Flashcards

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1
Q

Surveillance

A

WHO

  • early warning system
  • tracking interventions
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2
Q

Passive surveillance

A
  • regular reporting of observed cases but no active search

- minimum standard

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3
Q

Syndromic surveillance

A
  • look for rise in the number of people reporting partcular symptoms, e.g. gebrile illness
  • monitor trends
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4
Q

Human TB

A
  • caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis
  • 1.5mill death per year
  • co-infection with HIV
  • drug resistance
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5
Q

Disease origins: where do our pathogens come from?

A

Two hypotheses:

  1. Co-evolution: pathogens inherited from our ancestors
  2. Cross-species transmission

-genetic data supports second hypothesis

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6
Q

Most emerging pathogens never get past what stage of disease emergence?

A

Limited outbreak

-from animals or (few cycles) humans

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7
Q

Viral emergence through small changes:

A

-eg. Venezuelan encepbalitis in horses/humans required a single point mutation in the virus’ envelope gene

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8
Q

Animals as a potential source of new diseases

A

zoonoses

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