Epidemiology and Pathophysiology definitions

Question 1

What is health?

Answer 1

a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, not just the absence of disease or infirmity

Question 2

What are some aspects of WHO’s definition of health?

Answer 2

positive vision of health, holistic and inclusive, idealistic, broadens health activity beyond prevention of disease and establishes a basis for action

Question 3

What are some broad determinants of health?

Answer 3

biological, individual, environmental, social, cultural, political and economical

Question 4

What are some examples of external factors of health?

Answer 4

education, employment and income, natural environment, family and community, health services, law and order, housing, political and social stability

Question 5

What is public health?

Answer 5

The science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health through the organised efforts and informed choices of society, organisations (public and private), communities and individuals

Question 6

What is epidemiology?

Answer 6

Study of the distribution and patterns of health events, health characteristics and their causes and influences in well defined populations

Question 7

What are the three aims of epidemiology?

Answer 7

1. describe disease patterns in human populations
2. Identify causes of disease (aetiology)
3. provide data essential for the management, evaluation and planning of services for the prevention, control and treatment of disease.

Question 8

What disciplines is epidemiology combined from?

Answer 8

medicine, health sciences, social sciences, statistics and (to an extent) detective work.

Question 9

What does epidemiology include?

Answer 9

outbreak investigation, disease surveillance, screening (medicine), bio-monitoring and clinical trials

Question 10

How does the discipline of biology help epidemiology?

Answer 10

better understand disease processes

Question 11

How does the discipline of biostatistics help epidemiology?

Answer 11

make efficient use of data and draw appropriate conclusions

Question 12

How does exposure assessment and social science help epidemiology?

Answer 12

understand proximate and distal risk factors and their measurement

Question 13

What is health inequity?

Answer 13

measurable differences, variations and disparities in the health achievements of individuals and groups

Question 14

What are inequalities a result of?

Answer 14

inequities

Question 15

What are some inequities?

Answer 15

class, gender, race and ethnicity

Question 16

What is social stratification?

Answer 16

structures inequalities between different groupings of people. People get different access to social rewards and opportunities

Question 17

What is acute pain?

Answer 17

pain in response to an injury or illness which is typically time limited, accurately diagnosed and responsive to treatment

Question 18

What is chronic pain?

Answer 18

pain that persists beyond the time of healing of an acute disease/injury which may occur continuously or intermittently over months or years.

Question 19

What is pathology?

Answer 19

The medical science concerned with all aspects of disease but with special reference to the essential
nature, causes, and development of abnormal conditions, as well as the structural changes that result from the disease processes

Question 20

What is physiology?

Answer 20

The science concerned with the normal vital processes of animal and vegetable organisms , especially as
to how things normally function in the living organism rather than to their anatomic structure, their biochemical
composition, or how they are affected by drugs and disease.

Question 21

What is a population?

Answer 21

a group of people with a common characteristic

Question 22

What is incidence?

Answer 22

The number of people diagnosed with the condition in a period of time

Question 23

What is prevalence?

Answer 23

The number of people living with a condition in a period of time

Question 24

What are clinical features?

Answer 24

the practical observation and treatment of a person with a disease or other ailment

Question 25

What is a symptom?

Answer 25

A subjective complaint that is noticed by a person

with a disorder

Question 26

What is a sign?

Answer 26

A manifestation noticed by an observer

Question 27

What is aetiology?

Answer 27

Aetiology (or etiology) is the science and study of the causes of disease and their mode of operation

Question 28

What are some aetiological factors?

Answer 28

Biologic agents (bacteria, viruses), physical forces (trauma, burns, radiation), chemical agents (poison, alcohol), nutritional excesses or deficits

Question 29

What are risk factors?

Answer 29

conditions or factors that contributed to the development of the condition

Question 30

What is prognosis?

Answer 30

The probable outcome orprospect of recovery from the disease

Question 31

What are some common treatments/interventions?

Answer 31

Surgical, pharmacological, lifestyle and psychological