Epidemiology

Question 1

accuracy

Answer 1

the degree to which a measurement or an estimate based on measurements represents the true value of the attribute that is being measured

Question 2

acute disease

Answer 2

referring to a health effect, with sudden onset, often brief; sometimes loosely used to mean severe

Question 3

age-specific rate

Answer 3

a rate for a specified age group. numerator and denominator refere to the same age group

Question 4

association

Answer 4

correlation, dependence, relationship. statistical dependence between two or more events, characteristics, or other variables. An association is present if the probability of occurrence of an event of characteristic, or the quantity of a variable, depends upon the occurrence of one or more other events, the presence of one or more other characteristics, or the quantity of one or more other variables

Question 5

attack rate

Answer 5

the cumulative incidence of infection ina group observed over a period during an epidemic

Question 6

attributable risk

Answer 6

the rate of a disease or other outcome in exposed individuals that can be attributed to the exposure. Derived by subtracting the rate of the outcome (incidence or mortality) among the unexposed from the rate among the exposed individuals; it is assumed that causes other than the one under investigation have had equal effects on the exposed and unexposed groups.

Question 7

bias

Answer 7

deviation of results or inferences from the truth, or processes leading to such deviation. any trend in the collection, analysis, interpretation, publication, or review of data that can lead to conclusions that are systematically diffeerent from the truth

Question 8

case

Answer 8

a person in the population or study group identified as having the particular disease, health disorder, or condition under investigation.

Question 9

case-control study

Answer 9

case comparison study, case compeer study, case history, case referent, retrospective study. The observational epidemiologic study of persons with the disease (or other outcome variable) of interest and a suitable control (comparison, reference) group of persons without the disease

Question 10

case fatality rate

Answer 10

the proportion of cases of a specified condition which are fatal within a specified time.

Question 11

cause

Answer 11

factor or event that is capable of bringing about a change in health

Question 12

cause-specific rate

Answer 12

a rate that specifies events, such as deaths, according to their cause

Question 13

chronic

Answer 13

referring to a healht-related state, lasting a long time. 2. referring to exposure, prolonged or long-lterm, often with specific reference to low intensity.

Question 14

clinical

Answer 14

concerned with or based on actual observation and treatment of disease in patients rather than experimentation or theory

Question 15

clinical trial

Answer 15

involves administration of a test regimen to humans to evaluate its efficacy and safety.

Question 16

cohort study

Answer 16

analytic method of epidemiologic study in which subsets of a defined population can be identified who are, have been, or in the future may be exposed or not exposed, or exposed in different degerees, to a factor hypothesized to infulence the probability of occurrence of a given disease or other outcome

Question 17

community

Answer 17

a group of individuals organized into a unity or manifesting some unifying trait or common interest