Epidemiology

Question 1

Epidemiology defined

Answer 1

the study of the distribution and determinants of health related states and events in specified populations and the application of the control of the health problems

Question 2

Distribution

Answer 2

frequency of health events (who, when, where) –> descriptive

Question 3

Determinant

Answer 3

causes or risk factors; hypothesis –> analytic

Question 4

Frequency of health events (who what where)

Answer 4

distribution

Question 5

Cause or risk factors (analytical)

Answer 5

determinant

Question 6

Epi Curves

Answer 6

Based on who, what, when –> graph time of onset

Question 7

Morbidity

Answer 7

illness (not death) use prevalence to determine

Question 8

Attack Rate

Answer 8

proportion of ppl who become ill after an exposure to an infectious agent

Question 9

Mortality rate

Answer 9

incidence of death due to a disease during a particular time period

Question 10

Case fatality rate

Answer 10

mortality/incidence rate

Question 11

Reproductive number

Answer 11

R0; number of people that one sick person will infect

Question 12

Experimental

Answer 12

researcher intervenes; control or experimental (RCT)

Question 13

Observational

Answer 13

natural allocations to compare exposed vs unexposed

Question 14

Cohort

Answer 14

group of ppl exposed vs. not exposed

Question 15

Case Control

Answer 15

ID cases; check exposure, more than unaffected?

Question 16

Chain of infection

Answer 16

Infectious agent → reservoir → portal of exit → mode of transmission→ portal of entry → susceptible host → etc.

Question 17

Droplet transmission

Answer 17

close range inhaled by someone

Question 18

Aerosol Transmission

Answer 18

droplet nuclei inhaled over a long distance/time

Question 19

Course of infectious disease

Answer 19

Incubation → prodromal stage (generalized symptoms) → period of invasion (illness) → Convalescent period (decline/healing)

Question 20

prodromal stage

Answer 20

generalized symptoms

Question 21

Illness is most present during

Answer 21

period of invasion

Question 22

declining health period

Answer 22

convalescent period

Question 23

Typhoid Mary

Answer 23

healthy carrier of salmonella typhi

Question 24

infections from hospitals

Answer 24

nosocomial (UTI is common)

Question 25

index case

Answer 25

source

Question 26

Isolation

Answer 26

seperation of people who have disease

Question 27

Quarantine

Answer 27

sepertion of people who have been exposed to the disease

Question 28

eradication

Answer 28

termination of all transmission of infection by extermination

Question 29

Elimination

Answer 29

eradication of a large geographical area

Question 30

Sterile parts of the body

Answer 30

Blood, CSF, internal organs