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Micro Bio Exam 3 > All Bacteria > Flashcards

All Bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

opportunistic skin infections

A

S. epi; slime layer adheres –> catheters

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2
Q

Cutaneous infections

A

S. aureus, halotolerant and tolerant to desiccation, pyogenic and abscesses common (S.

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3
Q

Catalase +

A

Staph

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4
Q

Catalase -

A

Strep (also not halotolerant, resistant to

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5
Q

most frequent and variable pathogen

A

S. aureus

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6
Q

Virulence factors of S. aureus

A

FALCC

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7
Q

Virulence factors of S. pyogenes

A

MHC CS

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8
Q

Virulence Factors of Bacillus anthracis

A

PEL

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9
Q

TSST-1

A

S aureus exotoxin superantigen –> sunburn-like rash and hypertension

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10
Q

Order of localized cutaneous infections and caused by

A

Folliculitis –> furnuncle (boil/abscess) –> carbuncle (deep tissue)

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11
Q

Impetigo

A

caused by S. aureus and S. pyogenes; crusty honey colored in epidermis, very contagious

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12
Q

slime layer and catheters

A

S. epi

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13
Q

S. epidermidis

A

slime layer and catheters

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14
Q

Spe A and Spe B

A

of S. pyogenes; Strep Pyrogenic Exotoxins –> necrotizing fascitis and TSS (more fatal than staph)

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15
Q

Causes Rheumatic Fever

A

S. pyogenes; which is a post strep sequelae where M protein crosslinks with cardiac tissue

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16
Q

Rheumatic endocarditis

A

Subacute is caused by S. mutans (Viridans Transient Bacteria); acute is caused by Staph aureus and does not require valve problems (more virulent)

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17
Q

Yellow vs red on mannitol salt

A

Yellow –> S. aureus; can ferment mannitol –> acid/pH

Red –> S. pyogenes cannot ferment it –> basic/red

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18
Q

causes pharyngitis

A

S pyogenes or virus

bacteria cause pus, no cough, fever, maybe scarlets fever and lymphadenopathy

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19
Q

M protein

A

Virulence Factor of S. pyogenes; helps with adhesion and breaks down C3b ruining complement

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20
Q

Erysipelas

A

caused by S. pyogenes, invades the dermis in young and old

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21
Q

Cellulitis

A

caused by Staph aureus and S pyogenes; red puffy in subcutaneous/deep dermis

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22
Q

SSSS

A

Staph Scalded Skin Syndrome-desquamation in neonates

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23
Q

E. faecalis

A

Gut flora, antibiotic-resistant –> VRSA, hospital-acquired, resistant to many antibiotics

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24
Q

causes necrotizing fasciitis

A

Spe A and Spe B of S. pyogenes, less pain than should be

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25
Strep TSS
more fatal than staph TSS; less common
26
S. agalactiae
GBS, staph, babies, normal in vagina --> sepsis, meningitis, pneumonia
27
S. pneumonia
lancet-shaped diplococci, transient in upper respiratory --> lower or ear otitis, rust colored sputum, Alpha hemolytic, Optochin sensative, Bile soluble
28
Bile soluble and Optochin sensative
S. pneumonia
29
transient in Upper respiratory --> infectious in lower/ear
S. pneumonia; otitis and can cause septic shock
30
90 serotypes
S. pneumonia; PCV-13 and PPV (23) vaccines
31
+ Quellung
S. pneumonia; (rxn w/ anticapsular antibodies)
32
Gram +
Staph (S. aureus, S. epi), Strep (S. pyogenes, S. agalactaie S. pnuemonia), Enterococci (E.faecalis), Bacillus, Clostridium, Corneybacterium, Listeria
33
Spore Formers (G+ rods)
Bacillus (aerobe) and Clostridium (anaerobe)
34
Non-Spore formers (G+ rods)
Corneybacterium (stain uneven, palisades) and Listeria (Stain evenly, not pleomorphic)
35
Bacillus anthracis
Endemic in herbivores (also in soil), non-zoonatic b/c not transmitted between humans, transmitted via vehicle (soil) or airborne endospores, Polypeptide Capsule, PEL
36
Polypeptide Capsule
Bacillus anthracis
37
Endemic in Herbivores
Bacillus anthracis
38
Transmission of Bacillus anthracis
soil vehicle, contact on wound, or inhalation of endospore
39
Disease of Bacillus anthracis
Pulmonary --> wool sorters | Cutaneous --> black eschar (95% of cases)
40
Black eschar
Cutaneous Bacillus anthracis infection
41
Bacillus cereus
food poisoning, heat stable exotoxin, commonly from fried rice, superantigen
42
Common cause of food poison from fried rice
Bacillus cereus
43
Clostridium in general
G+ rod spore formers found in soil, anaerobic bacteria; spores survive in the air and undetected on normal culture tests which have oxygen present
44
obligate anaerobe G+
Clostridium
45
undetected by normal culture tests
Clostridium, b/c obligate anaerobe
46
causes gas gangrenes
Clostridium perfringens
47
C. perfringens
causes gas gangrenes, infects damaged tissue with A-toxin and Zn metallophospholipase, hemorrhagic bullae, crepitance, hyperbaric treatment, not antibiotics/antitoxin
48
A-toxin and Zn metallophospholipase
destroy and attack membranes, 2 of 12 exotoxins of C. perfringens
49
C. tetani
Cause tetani/lockjaw, block GABBA release, toxin from plasmid, DTap, vaccinated despite non-contagious
50
non-contagious vaccinated against
C. tetani with DTap
51
Causes lockjaw
C. tetani
52
C. tetani exotoxin
tetanospasmin exotoxin, from a plasmid; an Ab toxin which inhibits GABBA release from inhibitory nuerons
53
Tetanospasmin exotoxin
C. tetani, from endospore, Ab exotoxin, inhibits GABBA release from inhibitory neurons
54
Dtap vaccine
D is inactivated diptheria toxin -against Corneybacterium diptheria T is tetanospasmin inactivated exotoxin
55
C. Botulinum
Botulinum, canned food, flacid paralysis, inhibits Ach, hypotonia, BIG, heat labile toxin
56
BIG
Baby Botulinum Immunoglobulin- for infection and intoxifcation of C. botulinum
57
Antibiotics used for C. botulinum
Not for adults bc does not infect only intoxifies, babies yes
58
Horse antitoxin
used for C. botulinum intoxification, can cause serum sickness
59
Hypotonia
caused by C. botulinum
60
weak sucking
C. botulinum (Ach inhibited)
61
Raw honey infection
C. botulinum, infection and intoxification in babies
62
C. difficile
30% of adults are asymptomatic carriers of this antibiotic-resistant pseudomembranous colitis causing bacteria; can be in gut flora and opportunistic, Enterotoxins A and B --> necrosis of the colon, possible fecal transplant treatment
63
Psuedomembranous colitis
C. dificile
64
Toxins of C. dif
Enterotoxins A and B --> necrosis of colon
65
Corneybacterium diphtheria
Non spore-forming G+ that forms palisades/pleomorphic and stains irregularly, , human resevoir, transmitted via respiratory droplets, diphtherotoxin is coded by a phage and inhbits E2F of prt translation, psuedomembrane in throat, enlarged LN --> Bull neck
66
Bull neck
Corneybacterium diphtheriae, enlarged LN
67
mode of transmission for corneybacterium diptheriae
respiratory droplets, adults are asymptomatic carriers
68
irregular pleomorphic staining
corneybacterium diphtheriae
69
Diptherotoxin
exotoxin of corneybacterium diphtheriae, encoded by a phage (lysogenized), Ab toxin, inhibits E2F,
70
Listeria monocytogenes
uniformly staining G+ rod, can survive the cold (cheese, milk, water vegetation, animals we eat), facultative intracellular (moves via actin), human to human only from mom to child, sepsis and meningitis in neonates
71
uniformly staining G+ non endospore rods
listeria monocytogenes
72
can survive cold
listeria monocytogenes (milk, cheese, deli, water veggies)
73
No capsule
listeria monocytogenes; phagocytized and then uses listeriolysin O to break out and replicate intracellularly
74
breaks listeria monocytogenes out of phagolysosme
listeriolysin O; then moves cell to cell using actin tail
75
How to kill listeria monocytogenes
CTL
76
Mycobacterium
slow dividers (15-20 hrs), acid fast wall, Airborne, stages, HIV, sputum test (AFB), chest x-ray, and skin test PPD
77
transmitted via aerosols
mycobacterium, unique
78
Gram stain of mycobacterium
none, acid-fast (steam waxy mycolic acid off first)
79
#2 killer pathogen
Mycobacterium
80
Infection rates of mycobacterium
people are easily infected, but do not have disease. 10% of infected have primary disease, 90% are latent. Of the 90% latent 10% reactivate to secondary and 90% remain latent.
81
Infection of Tb (how it works)
inhale the bacteria --> alveoli --> phagocytized --> capsule blocks phagolysosome fusion --> TH1 cells --> IFN gamma --> activate macrophages --> fibrous granuloma capsule called tubercle in lung
82
How Tb avoids being phagocytized
it is phagocytized, but its capsule blocks phagolysome fusion so only can be killed by oxidative (activated)
83
R0 of Tb
very high, for each person infected about 10-15 are infected
84
ID of Tb
low, only 1-3 bacteria needed to infected someone
85
Rust colored sputum, weight loss, loss of lung tissue
Tb
86
Primary exposure clinic test results of Tb
Positive PPD skin test, neg chest and neg serum (AFB)
87
Primary infection clinical results Tb
positive all tests
88
Secondary infection Tb
positive all tests
89
Latent Tb
non-contagious, + PPD, + serum, - chest x ray
90
leprosy
Mycobacterium leprae; environment
91
M. leprae
Causes leprosy, from environment (atypical mycobacterium)
92
M avium
Myocbacterium avium; atypcial, from environment, Tb like symptoms
93
M. kansasii
Mycobacterium kansasii, atypical, from environment, Tb like symptoms

Micro Bio Exam 3 (6 decks)

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