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Micro Bio Exam 3 > All Bacteria > Flashcards

All Bacteria Flashcards

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1
Q

opportunistic skin infections

A

S. epi; slime layer adheres –> catheters

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2
Q

Cutaneous infections

A

S. aureus, halotolerant and tolerant to desiccation, pyogenic and abscesses common (S.

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3
Q

Catalase +

A

Staph

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4
Q

Catalase -

A

Strep (also not halotolerant, resistant to

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5
Q

most frequent and variable pathogen

A

S. aureus

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6
Q

Virulence factors of S. aureus

A

FALCC

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7
Q

Virulence factors of S. pyogenes

A

MHC CS

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8
Q

Virulence Factors of Bacillus anthracis

A

PEL

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9
Q

TSST-1

A

S aureus exotoxin superantigen –> sunburn-like rash and hypertension

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10
Q

Order of localized cutaneous infections and caused by

A

Folliculitis –> furnuncle (boil/abscess) –> carbuncle (deep tissue)

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11
Q

Impetigo

A

caused by S. aureus and S. pyogenes; crusty honey colored in epidermis, very contagious

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12
Q

slime layer and catheters

A

S. epi

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13
Q

S. epidermidis

A

slime layer and catheters

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14
Q

Spe A and Spe B

A

of S. pyogenes; Strep Pyrogenic Exotoxins –> necrotizing fascitis and TSS (more fatal than staph)

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15
Q

Causes Rheumatic Fever

A

S. pyogenes; which is a post strep sequelae where M protein crosslinks with cardiac tissue

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16
Q

Rheumatic endocarditis

A

Subacute is caused by S. mutans (Viridans Transient Bacteria); acute is caused by Staph aureus and does not require valve problems (more virulent)

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17
Q

Yellow vs red on mannitol salt

A

Yellow –> S. aureus; can ferment mannitol –> acid/pH

Red –> S. pyogenes cannot ferment it –> basic/red

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18
Q

causes pharyngitis

A

S pyogenes or virus

bacteria cause pus, no cough, fever, maybe scarlets fever and lymphadenopathy

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19
Q

M protein

A

Virulence Factor of S. pyogenes; helps with adhesion and breaks down C3b ruining complement

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20
Q

Erysipelas

A

caused by S. pyogenes, invades the dermis in young and old

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21
Q

Cellulitis

A

caused by Staph aureus and S pyogenes; red puffy in subcutaneous/deep dermis

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22
Q

SSSS

A

Staph Scalded Skin Syndrome-desquamation in neonates

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23
Q

E. faecalis

A

Gut flora, antibiotic-resistant –> VRSA, hospital-acquired, resistant to many antibiotics

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24
Q

causes necrotizing fasciitis

A

Spe A and Spe B of S. pyogenes, less pain than should be

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25
Q

Strep TSS

A

more fatal than staph TSS; less common

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26
Q

S. agalactiae

A

GBS, staph, babies, normal in vagina –> sepsis, meningitis, pneumonia

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27
Q

S. pneumonia

A

lancet-shaped diplococci, transient in upper respiratory –> lower or ear otitis, rust colored sputum, Alpha hemolytic, Optochin sensative, Bile soluble

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28
Q

Bile soluble and Optochin sensative

A

S. pneumonia

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29
Q

transient in Upper respiratory –> infectious in lower/ear

A

S. pneumonia; otitis and can cause septic shock

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30
Q

90 serotypes

A

S. pneumonia; PCV-13 and PPV (23) vaccines

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31
Q

+ Quellung

A

S. pneumonia; (rxn w/ anticapsular antibodies)

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32
Q

Gram +

A

Staph (S. aureus, S. epi), Strep (S. pyogenes, S. agalactaie S. pnuemonia), Enterococci (E.faecalis), Bacillus, Clostridium, Corneybacterium, Listeria

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33
Q

Spore Formers (G+ rods)

A

Bacillus (aerobe) and Clostridium (anaerobe)

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34
Q

Non-Spore formers (G+ rods)

A

Corneybacterium (stain uneven, palisades) and Listeria (Stain evenly, not pleomorphic)

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35
Q

Bacillus anthracis

A

Endemic in herbivores (also in soil), non-zoonatic b/c not transmitted between humans, transmitted via vehicle (soil) or airborne endospores, Polypeptide Capsule, PEL

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36
Q

Polypeptide Capsule

A

Bacillus anthracis

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37
Q

Endemic in Herbivores

A

Bacillus anthracis

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38
Q

Transmission of Bacillus anthracis

A

soil vehicle, contact on wound, or inhalation of endospore

39
Q

Disease of Bacillus anthracis

A

Pulmonary –> wool sorters

Cutaneous –> black eschar (95% of cases)

40
Q

Black eschar

A

Cutaneous Bacillus anthracis infection

41
Q

Bacillus cereus

A

food poisoning, heat stable exotoxin, commonly from fried rice, superantigen

42
Q

Common cause of food poison from fried rice

A

Bacillus cereus

43
Q

Clostridium in general

A

G+ rod spore formers found in soil, anaerobic bacteria; spores survive in the air and undetected on normal culture tests which have oxygen present

44
Q

obligate anaerobe G+

A

Clostridium

45
Q

undetected by normal culture tests

A

Clostridium, b/c obligate anaerobe

46
Q

causes gas gangrenes

A

Clostridium perfringens

47
Q

C. perfringens

A

causes gas gangrenes, infects damaged tissue with A-toxin and Zn metallophospholipase, hemorrhagic bullae, crepitance, hyperbaric treatment, not antibiotics/antitoxin

48
Q

A-toxin and Zn metallophospholipase

A

destroy and attack membranes, 2 of 12 exotoxins of C. perfringens

49
Q

C. tetani

A

Cause tetani/lockjaw, block GABBA release, toxin from plasmid, DTap, vaccinated despite non-contagious

50
Q

non-contagious vaccinated against

A

C. tetani with DTap

51
Q

Causes lockjaw

A

C. tetani

52
Q

C. tetani exotoxin

A

tetanospasmin exotoxin, from a plasmid; an Ab toxin which inhibits GABBA release from inhibitory nuerons

53
Q

Tetanospasmin exotoxin

A

C. tetani, from endospore, Ab exotoxin, inhibits GABBA release from inhibitory neurons

54
Q

Dtap vaccine

A

D is inactivated diptheria toxin -against Corneybacterium diptheria

T is tetanospasmin inactivated exotoxin

55
Q

C. Botulinum

A

Botulinum, canned food, flacid paralysis, inhibits Ach, hypotonia, BIG, heat labile toxin

56
Q

BIG

A

Baby Botulinum Immunoglobulin- for infection and intoxifcation of C. botulinum

57
Q

Antibiotics used for C. botulinum

A

Not for adults bc does not infect only intoxifies, babies yes

58
Q

Horse antitoxin

A

used for C. botulinum intoxification, can cause serum sickness

59
Q

Hypotonia

A

caused by C. botulinum

60
Q

weak sucking

A

C. botulinum (Ach inhibited)

61
Q

Raw honey infection

A

C. botulinum, infection and intoxification in babies

62
Q

C. difficile

A

30% of adults are asymptomatic carriers of this antibiotic-resistant pseudomembranous colitis causing bacteria; can be in gut flora and opportunistic, Enterotoxins A and B –> necrosis of the colon, possible fecal transplant treatment

63
Q

Psuedomembranous colitis

A

C. dificile

64
Q

Toxins of C. dif

A

Enterotoxins A and B –> necrosis of colon

65
Q

Corneybacterium diphtheria

A

Non spore-forming G+ that forms palisades/pleomorphic and stains irregularly, , human resevoir, transmitted via respiratory droplets, diphtherotoxin is coded by a phage and inhbits E2F of prt translation, psuedomembrane in throat, enlarged LN –> Bull neck

66
Q

Bull neck

A

Corneybacterium diphtheriae, enlarged LN

67
Q

mode of transmission for corneybacterium diptheriae

A

respiratory droplets, adults are asymptomatic carriers

68
Q

irregular pleomorphic staining

A

corneybacterium diphtheriae

69
Q

Diptherotoxin

A

exotoxin of corneybacterium diphtheriae, encoded by a phage (lysogenized), Ab toxin, inhibits E2F,

70
Q

Listeria monocytogenes

A

uniformly staining G+ rod, can survive the cold (cheese, milk, water vegetation, animals we eat), facultative intracellular (moves via actin), human to human only from mom to child, sepsis and meningitis in neonates

71
Q

uniformly staining G+ non endospore rods

A

listeria monocytogenes

72
Q

can survive cold

A

listeria monocytogenes (milk, cheese, deli, water veggies)

73
Q

No capsule

A

listeria monocytogenes; phagocytized and then uses listeriolysin O to break out and replicate intracellularly

74
Q

breaks listeria monocytogenes out of phagolysosme

A

listeriolysin O; then moves cell to cell using actin tail

75
Q

How to kill listeria monocytogenes

A

CTL

76
Q

Mycobacterium

A

slow dividers (15-20 hrs), acid fast wall, Airborne, stages, HIV, sputum test (AFB), chest x-ray, and skin test PPD

77
Q

transmitted via aerosols

A

mycobacterium, unique

78
Q

Gram stain of mycobacterium

A

none, acid-fast (steam waxy mycolic acid off first)

79
Q

2 killer pathogen

A

Mycobacterium

80
Q

Infection rates of mycobacterium

A

people are easily infected, but do not have disease. 10% of infected have primary disease, 90% are latent. Of the 90% latent 10% reactivate to secondary and 90% remain latent.

81
Q

Infection of Tb (how it works)

A

inhale the bacteria –> alveoli –> phagocytized –> capsule blocks phagolysosome fusion –> TH1 cells –> IFN gamma –> activate macrophages –> fibrous granuloma capsule called tubercle in lung

82
Q

How Tb avoids being phagocytized

A

it is phagocytized, but its capsule blocks phagolysome fusion so only can be killed by oxidative (activated)

83
Q

R0 of Tb

A

very high, for each person infected about 10-15 are infected

84
Q

ID of Tb

A

low, only 1-3 bacteria needed to infected someone

85
Q

Rust colored sputum, weight loss, loss of lung tissue

A

Tb

86
Q

Primary exposure clinic test results of Tb

A

Positive PPD skin test, neg chest and neg serum (AFB)

87
Q

Primary infection clinical results Tb

A

positive all tests

88
Q

Secondary infection Tb

A

positive all tests

89
Q

Latent Tb

A

non-contagious, + PPD, + serum, - chest x ray

90
Q

leprosy

A

Mycobacterium leprae; environment

91
Q

M. leprae

A

Causes leprosy, from environment (atypical mycobacterium)

92
Q

M avium

A

Myocbacterium avium; atypcial, from environment, Tb like symptoms

93
Q

M. kansasii

A

Mycobacterium kansasii, atypical, from environment, Tb like symptoms

Micro Bio Exam 3 (6 decks)

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