Epidemiology

Question 1

What is the incidence of cardiovascular disease in the U.S?

Answer 1

1:3

Question 2

Which gender dies of more cardiovascular disease each year?

Answer 2

Women

Question 3

Approximately ___% of the US, population has diabetes mellitus, and ___% of that is type II diabetes mellitus.

Answer 3

10%; 95%

Question 4

The most common cause of death in patients with diabetes is heart disease, which causes death in ___% amount of patients.

Answer 4

65%

Question 5

What laboratory test is associated with higher incidence of CAD, LVH, and PVD, as well as all cause mortality in those with diabetes?

Answer 5

micro albumin/creatinine

Question 6

Metabolic syndrome is diagnosed when 3 out of 5 criteria are met. Name the 5 criteria.

Answer 6

1. Insulin Resistance (FBS >110)
2. Low HDL (< 50 in women)
3. Waist Circumference >40in in men, >35in in women
4. Hypertension of >135/>85 or on treatment.

Question 7

For cancer patients treated with Radiation therapy to the chest, they have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Specifically ______, _______, _______, and ______.

Answer 7

Coronary artery disease, carotid, subclavian, valvular surgery.

Question 8

Previous chemotherapy with anthracyclines increases the risk of ___________ for those patient’s who have a cumulative dose of greater than ______.

Answer 8

cardiomyopathy, 500mg/m2

Question 9

Name the monoclonal antibody used in breast cancer treatment that is associated with causing cardiac dysfunction.

Answer 9

Trastuzumab

Question 10

Anthrocycline induced cardiomyopathy has an estimated mortality of approximately ____%

Answer 10

50%

Question 11

Of patients treated with anthracyclines for cancer, ___% develop cardiomyopathy.

Answer 11

2%

Question 12

Systemic lupus erythematosus is associated with what cardiovascular diseases?

Answer 12

Pericarditis ( 25% to 50%), non- infective endocarditis ( 22% to 61%), moderate or severe valvular regurgitation up to 20%), premature coronary artery disease up to fiftyfold risk.

Question 13

Rheumatoid arthritis has cardiac involvement in which areas?

Answer 13

Pericardial Effusion (30% to 40%), coronary artery disease, leaflet fibrosis(Up to 30%), Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (up to 15%)

Question 14

Ankylosing spondylitis is associated with which Cardiac diseases?

Answer 14

Proximal aortitis/valvulitis (25% to 60%), moderate or severe Aortic regurgitation, Conduction system disease, left ventricular diastolic dysfunction

Question 15

Systemic sclerosis is associated with which cardiovascular diseases?

Answer 15

Systemic hypertension including scleroderma renal crisis, pulmonary artery hypertension myocardial fibrosis, pericardial disease.

Question 16

Takayasu arteritis is associated with which cardiovascular diseases?

Answer 16

Aortic arteritis, Coronary arteritis, aortic regurgitation, Pulmonary stenosis or aneurysm, Malignant hypertension due to renovascular involvement.

Question 17

Infection with Staphylococcus aureus in IV drug users most often effects which heart valve?

Answer 17

Tricuspid, followed by mitral and aortic valves respectively.

Question 18

Transthoracic echocardiography is indicated for which murmurs?

Answer 18

Any diastolic murmur.
A systolic murmur grade 3/6 or higher.
Any murmur of any grade if associated with possible cardiac symptoms or a history of cardiac disease.

Question 19

A normal flow murmur ( soft midsystolic murmur) in adults is seen in which conditions?

Answer 19

Pregnancy
Anemia
Fever

Question 20

An S3 heart sound has a ____% specificity for an ejection fraction less than ____%. The sensitivity of an s3 heart sound is ___to ___%.

Answer 20

95%, 50%

30 to 50%

Question 21

The most appropriate diagnostic test for coronary artery disease depends on _________.

Answer 21

The pre-test probability.