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54/64 Unit 2 > Epidemiology > Flashcards

Epidemiology Flashcards

1
Q

The study of occurrences and distributions of health-related states

A

Epidemiology

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2
Q

The pattern of frequency of the occurrence of health events particularly within a specific aggregate or congregation

A

Distribution

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3
Q

Characteristics of descriptive epidemiology

A

Qualitative; explores the 4 W’s: What is the disease? Who is affected? Where are they? When do events occur?

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4
Q

Characteristics of analytic epidemiology

A

Quantitative; assesses origins/causes of disease and determinants of health event; How does it occur? Why are some people affected more than others?

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5
Q

Purposes of epidemiology

A

Monitor population health, understand determinants of health and disease in communities, investigate/evaluate interventions for disease prevention and health maintenance

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6
Q

How do nurses use epidemiology?

A

Look at health and disease causation and how both prevent and treat illness; involved in surveillance and monitoring of disease trends (homes, schools, workplaces, and clinics)

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7
Q

___ is the biggest factor in mortality rates over the age of 40

A

Age

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8
Q

Components of the epidemiological triangle

A

Agent, host, environment

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9
Q

Animate or inanimate factor that must be present for a disease to develop such as bacteria, fungus, virus, parasite

A

Agent

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10
Q

Living species capable of being infected by the agent

A

Host

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11
Q

Internal, external, and all given influences that can harm or potentiate the agent

A

Environment (moisture, darkness, light)

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12
Q

Level of prevention that promotes health and prevents diseases before they begin

A

Primary

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13
Q

Examples of primary interventions

A

Handwashing, wearing a seatbelt, taking folic acid in pregnancy

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14
Q

Interventions designed so a person who has a disease will be diagnosed early enough for a cure (or best-case outcome)

A

Secondary

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15
Q

Examples of secondary interventions

A

Health screenings, PAP, mammograms, colonoscopies, lipid profiles

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16
Q

Interventions that limit disability and enhancing rehabilitation from disease

A

Tertiary

17
Q

Example of tertiary interventions

A

Rehabilitation centers

18
Q

Term used to describe precision (consistent results from person to person)

A

Reliability

19
Q

Term used to describe accuracy

A

Validity

20
Q

_____ trends are long-term

A

Secular

21
Q

Population or group of persons that have some characteristic of interest

A

Cohort

22
Q

Study in which cohort is followed over time to assess a health outcome

A

Cohort study

23
Q

Cohort study in which the cohort does not have diagnosis

A

Prospective

24
Q

Cohort study based on historical records such as medical or death records of those who were exposed

A

Retrospective

25
Q

Study in which subjects are enrolled because they are known to have the outcome of interest, or DO NOT have the outcome of interest

A

Case-control study

26
Q

Study described as a snapshot in time across a certain population or group; data is gathered on current health status and risk factors and is analyzed for trends

A

Cross-sectional study

27
Q

Bias that only looks at people who have survived a particular event

A

Survival bias

28
Q

Study that looks at descriptive components of disease rate (person, place, time) and analyzes the relationship between disease and rates; only aggregate data

A

Ecological study

29
Q

Characteristics of experimental studies

A

Randomization, control, blinding (randomized and double-blind is strongest study)

30
Q

Studies that assess interventions and whether they help with instances of overall disease

A

Community trials

31
Q

The nurse is reviewing hospital charts about C.Diff over the past year. This is an example of what kind of trial?

A

Retrospective

32
Q

Emergence factors of emerging diseases

A

Societal events, health care, food production, human behavior, public health, microbial adaptation

33
Q

Vaccine preventable diseases

A

Routine child immunization schedule, measles, rubella, pertussis, influenza

54/64 Unit 2 (8 decks)

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